鲅鱼鱼肉中组胺菌的分离与鉴定

通过生物胺菌(BAB)筛选培养基的初筛、高效液相色谱(HPLC)-柱后衍生-荧光检测(FLD)技术的分析以及VITEK 2菌种鉴定系统的使用,对鲅鱼鱼肉中的组胺菌(HFB)进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,分离的13株生物胺菌均为革兰氏阴性菌,其中8株为组胺菌。经鉴定,组胺菌分别为大肠埃希氏杆菌(两株)、荧光假单胞菌、侵肺巴斯德菌、泡囊短波单胞菌、居泉沙雷菌、类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌、杀鲑气单胞菌,鉴定可信性大于87%。     

冷链条件下马鲛鱼优势腐败菌生长动力学研究及货架期预测

为快速预测冷链马鲛鱼在不同冷链物流温度下优势腐败菌生长动态及货架期,进行了马鲛鱼0,4,10℃下3种典型冷链温度的贮藏模拟试验,分析了马鲛鱼不同温度下的菌落总数、希瓦氏菌数和假单胞菌数以及各个温度下马鲛鱼货架期终点时的挥发性盐基氮含量和感官评定质量指数,采用修正的Gompertz和Belehradek方程建立了冷链马鲛鱼中优势腐败菌在0～10℃的一级、二级生长预测模型与货架期预测模型。结果表明,修正的Gompertz方程能准确表达马鲛鱼在3种贮藏温度下假单胞菌的生长规律,拟合度R²高达0.99,采用Belehradek方程描述温度对最大比生长速率(μ_max)和延滞期(λ)的影响呈现良好的线性关系,相关性R²>0.90。进一步用贮藏于2,8℃马鲛鱼中假单胞菌数来验证模型的可靠性,偏差度为1.010 4～1.024 5,准确度为1.026 8～1.038 7,货架期预测模型的相对误差绝对值为6.09%～8.95%。     

基于模糊技术的速冻水饺工艺参数的应用研究

本文以速冻鲅鱼水饺的生产为例来说明模糊技术在食品加工中的应用,主要介绍了模糊技术的基本原理和工艺优化的实现。将模糊技术与正交试验相结合来研究速冻鲅鱼水饺的生产工艺,通过模糊综合评价确定其最优生产工艺参数。     

Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Oil and Residual Proteins from Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) as Affected by Moisture Content

Lipid composition of supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) extracts, residual oil in muscle and changes in sarcoplasmic proteins after extraction of Atlantic mackerel were characterized. Dehydration of the muscle to 10.2% (w/w) resulted in high oil yield with minimum changes in protein content and composition. Sarcoplasmic protein content of fish muscle following SC-CO₂ treatment was lower than that of original muscles at all moisture levels (3.8–64%, w/w). Analysis of sarcoplasmic proteins by capillary electrophoresis indicated aggregation of low molecular weight proteins during SC-CO₂ extraction. SC-CO₂-extracted muscle also had lighter color than original samples. The SC-CO₂ extraction showed potential to provide high quality oil and protein meal.     

Purified NADPH-Sulfite Reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Effects on Quality of Ozonated Mackerel Surimi

The NADPH-sulfite reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE Sephacel, Sephacryl S-300 and DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography. Optimal pH was 7.3 and temperature 25°C. It was inhibited by IAA, PCMPS, PMSF, NEM, PCMB, cyanide and most divalent metal ions. For the ozonated mackerel surimi ground with purified reductase, the reactive SH increased from 2.29∞10⁵ to 4.46∞10⁵mole/g and gel strength from 256.7 to 360.5g·cm. According to SDS-PAGE, the recovery of myosin heavy chain was observed on the ozonated mackerel surimi with addition of NADPH-sulfite reductase.     

Effects of retort conditions on ATP-related compounds in pouched fish muscle

To examine the usefulness of high-temperature short time (HTST) process on quality of retorted fish products, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related compounds in raw fishes and retorted fish models (10 g/pouch) heated at 115 °C for 90 min (common retort (CR) process) or 125 °C for 9 min (HTST process) were analyzed by HPLC method. The raw materials used in this study were fresh chub mackerel Scomber japonicus for sashimi (raw eating), frozen-thawed yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares for sashimi, frozen-thawed pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha for cooking and frozen-thawed pink shrimp Pandalus borealis for sashimi. In all the fish samples, the level of inosine monophosphate (IMP), an umami-taste compound, was higher in HTST fishes than in CR fishes. On the other hand, inosine (HxR) and hypoxanthine (Hx), no-taste and bitter taste compounds, was high in CR fishes. K-value, an index of fish freshness defined as the ratio of the sum of HxR and Hx to the sum of ATP-related compounds, was high in CR fishes. In sensory test of pink salmon by the paired difference test, umami and sweetness in the HTST fish were stronger than the ones of the CR fish. The bitterness was stronger in the CR fish rather than in the HTST fish. These results indicated that HTST is a favorable process for retorted fish product and measurement of ATP-related compounds is useful for the quality check of retorted fishes.     

介质阻挡放电低温等离子体在鲐鱼杀菌及组胺含量控制中的作用

为探究介质阻挡放电低温等离子体(atmospheric cold plasma,ACP)处理鲐鱼的杀菌效果以及在控制组胺含量中的作用,分别采用ACP直接处理和间接处理两种方式,分析鲐鱼菌落总数的变化,并通过响应面法中心组合设计优化了ACP杀菌的最佳处理电压和时间;在此基础上,探索ACP对鲐鱼贮藏过程中组胺含量以及与组胺产生有关的假单胞菌、肠杆菌、弧菌的影响。结果表明:直接处理对鲐鱼的杀菌效果更优,菌落总数降低率比间接处理高35.88%;最佳处理条件为处理电压59.9 k V、处理时间71.5 s;在优化条件下,鲐鱼菌落总数为1.83(lg(CFU/g)),与预测值1.86(lg(CFU/g))相差不大,所建模型与实际拟合较好;经ACP处理后的鲐鱼在贮藏期(14 d)内,假单胞菌、肠杆菌、弧菌的生长速率明显低于对照组;贮藏第8天时,假单胞菌、肠杆菌、弧菌的菌落数比对照组分别降低25.89%、46.23%和45.23%;组胺含量在贮藏期内增长较慢,第14天时含量为72.34 mg/100 g,低于国标限量。     

五香鸡肉松的研制

对传统的鸡肉松生产工艺及配方进行了改进,通过适量添加调味料和合理控制煮制时间、烘烤时间,可大幅度缩短鸡肉松加工制作过程,生产出香味浓郁、色泽金黄的优质鸡肉松。