液相色谱串联质谱法测定巴鱼中硝基呋喃代谢物的残留量

建立巴鱼中呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃西林和呋喃妥因的代谢物残留量液相色谱-串联质谱的方法。分析物采用电喷雾电离正离子（ ESI ＋）、多反应监测（M RM ）模式检测,内标法定量。本实验对固相萃取法提取和乙酸乙酯提取净化前处理方法进行比对,4种硝基呋喃代谢物的混合标准溶液的浓度在0.5～50ng/mL范围线性良好,相关系数均大于0.9981,4种化合物的检测限为0.5μg/kg。添加浓度1μg/kg、2.5μg/kg、5μg/kg范围内得出4种代谢物固相萃取净化法的回收率在81.1％～104.1％之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于5.7％.乙酸乙酯提取净化法的回收率在88.5％～108.2％之间,相对标准偏差（RSD ）小于6.1％。结论证明乙酸乙酯提取法方法前处理简单、快速、稳定性好,适用于大量样品的同时检测。     

4种植物提取物对马鲛鱼保鲜效果研究

目的探索不同植物提取物对马鲛鱼的保鲜效果,为控制水产品质量提供技术依据。方法将马鲛鱼切块,经不同浓度的龙须菜寡糖(gracilaria lemaneiformis oligosaccharide,GLO)、大蒜提取物(garlic extract,GE)、迷迭香提取物(rosemary extract,RE)和生姜提取物(ginger root extract,GRE)浸泡30min,于4℃条件下贮藏,以菌落总数、生物胺、pH值、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)、K值等指标评价其新鲜度。结果 GLO、GE、RE和GRE处理可延缓马鲛鱼中腐败微生物生长,有效控制各指标值的变化情况,使马鲛鱼块货架期延长1~2d,进而初步明确了GLO、GE、RE和GRE处理马鲛鱼块的合适浓度依次为0.5%~1.0%、1.0%~1.5%、0.03%~0.06%、1.0%~1.5%。结论采用不同浓度的4种植物提取物可延长马鲛鱼的货架期。     

Superchilled,chilled and frozen storage of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) fillets – changes in texture,drip loss,protein solubility and oxidation

Changes in quality characteristics in relation to protease activity and protein oxidation in chilled, superchilled and frozen mackerel fillets during storage were studied. The solubility of sarcoplasmic proteins was quite stable in mackerel samples for all storage experiments, whereas the solubility of myofibrillar proteins decreased in both superchilled and frozen samples. A significant correlation (r = 0.983, P < 0.05) between the increased activity of cathepsin B+L in chilled fillets and softening of the fish flesh during storage was revealed. Contrary with chilled samples, the texture of superchilled mackerel fillets became tougher along the storage period, which can be explained by a higher rate of myofibrillar oxidation (r = 0.940, P < 0.05). The hardness and drip loss decreased slightly at the end of frozen storage. Superchilling preserved the quality of mackerel fillets with the least side effects in relation to protein solubility, drip loss and softening of the fish tissue as compared to chilled and frozen storage.     

五香鸡肉松的研制

对传统的鸡肉松生产工艺及配方进行了改进,通过适量添加调味料和合理控制煮制时间、烘烤时间,可大幅度缩短鸡肉松加工制作过程,生产出香味浓郁、色泽金黄的优质鸡肉松。     

The properties of gelatin film‐neem extract and its effectiveness for preserving minced beef

The properties of gelatin films developed from neem extract (NE; Azadirachta indica) were determined. Moreover, the developed films were applied to minced beef to test its effectiveness for preserving the meat. The quality attributes of the minced beef wrapped with the developed film were monitored over a 7‐day period in refrigerated storage (4 ± 1°C) and were compared to a control commercial wrap film (polyvinyl chloride). The addition of NE improved the elongation at break, solubility, and antioxidant activity of the gelatin films. After 7 days of storage, the minced beef wrapped with the experimental film showed the highest a* and weight loss values. Gradually, changes in TBARS were more pronounced in the experimental sample. It was concluded that gelatin film containing NE is a potentially promising film that could help delay oxidative reactions. However, some characteristics of the film (eg, mechanical properties and water vapor permeability) need to be improved before putting them to commercial use.     

Effect of Film-Forming Gums in the Preservation of Salted and Dried Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta Cuvier)

Curing preservation of fish is the most popular method in the developing countries and India is no exception. Different film-forming gums, namely sodium alginate, tamarind kernel powder, guar gum and agar agar were tried to find their effect in preservation of salted and dried mackerel and in extending the shelf-life of these products. Various biochemical, microbiological and organoleptic parameters were recorded during the storage period. The treatment of salted dried fish with gum solutions and subsequent formation of film upon drying was found to be the best in preserving the quality of salted fish. The effect of film forming gums on the shelf-life of the products was found to be highly significant ( P< 0·05) as compared to the control.     

Effects of retort conditions on ATP-related compounds in pouched fish muscle

To examine the usefulness of high-temperature short time (HTST) process on quality of retorted fish products, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related compounds in raw fishes and retorted fish models (10 g/pouch) heated at 115 °C for 90 min (common retort (CR) process) or 125 °C for 9 min (HTST process) were analyzed by HPLC method. The raw materials used in this study were fresh chub mackerel Scomber japonicus for sashimi (raw eating), frozen-thawed yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares for sashimi, frozen-thawed pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha for cooking and frozen-thawed pink shrimp Pandalus borealis for sashimi. In all the fish samples, the level of inosine monophosphate (IMP), an umami-taste compound, was higher in HTST fishes than in CR fishes. On the other hand, inosine (HxR) and hypoxanthine (Hx), no-taste and bitter taste compounds, was high in CR fishes. K-value, an index of fish freshness defined as the ratio of the sum of HxR and Hx to the sum of ATP-related compounds, was high in CR fishes. In sensory test of pink salmon by the paired difference test, umami and sweetness in the HTST fish were stronger than the ones of the CR fish. The bitterness was stronger in the CR fish rather than in the HTST fish. These results indicated that HTST is a favorable process for retorted fish product and measurement of ATP-related compounds is useful for the quality check of retorted fishes.     

槲皮素抑制冷藏猪肉糜氧化及改善其品质特性

为探究槲皮素对冷藏猪肉糜氧化及品质特性的影响,将不同添加量（0、0.05、0.10 g/kg和0.20 g/kg）的槲皮素添加到肉糜中,对硫代巴比妥酸反应产物（thiobarbituric acids reactive substances,TBARS）值、蛋白总巯基含量、蛋白羰基含量、表面疏水性以及肉糜的色泽、蒸煮损失和质构特性进行测定。结果表明：各个添加量的槲皮素均能显著降低肉糜的TBARS值（P＜0.05）;在贮藏第9天,槲皮素添加量为0.10 g/kg和0.20 g/kg时,蛋白质巯基损失和表面疏水性增加均受到了明显抑制;在贮藏第1～6天,槲皮素添加量为0.20 g/kg时,显著抑制了羰基化合物的生成（P＜0.05）;槲皮素添加量为0.10 g/kg时,能有效提高肉糜的红度;在贮藏第6天和第9天,槲皮素添加量为0.05 g/kg和0.10 g/kg时,蒸煮损失率显著降低（P＜0.05）;槲皮素能显著提高肉糜在贮藏过程中的弹性、硬度和咀嚼度（P＜0.05）。因此,以槲皮素为抗氧化剂抑制肉及肉制品氧化时,应考虑添加量对肉品品质的影响。     

Purified NADPH-Sulfite Reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Effects on Quality of Ozonated Mackerel Surimi

The NADPH-sulfite reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE Sephacel, Sephacryl S-300 and DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography. Optimal pH was 7.3 and temperature 25°C. It was inhibited by IAA, PCMPS, PMSF, NEM, PCMB, cyanide and most divalent metal ions. For the ozonated mackerel surimi ground with purified reductase, the reactive SH increased from 2.29∞10⁵ to 4.46∞10⁵mole/g and gel strength from 256.7 to 360.5g·cm. According to SDS-PAGE, the recovery of myosin heavy chain was observed on the ozonated mackerel surimi with addition of NADPH-sulfite reductase.