Distribution of lipids and trace minerals in different muscle sites of farmed and wild turbot (Psetta maxima)

Lipid and trace mineral composition were studied in different sites of the edible flesh of farmed and wild turbot (Psetta maxima). Lipid matter (total content, sterols, tocopherols) showed to accumulate in the edge zone (EZ), except for phospholipid (PL), which provided a distribution that was found to be independent from the kind of turbot and the zone considered. Fatty acid composition of total lipids showed a non‐homogeneous distribution, as the EZ exhibited a different fatty acid group composition (higher monounsaturated and lower polyunsaturated and ω3/ω6 ratio values) than the other zones considered; fewer differences were observed by considering the PL fatty acid composition. Most minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn and Se) studied showed to be homogeneously distributed along the muscle sites of the wild fish, while more differences were obtained when considering the farmed one. For both kinds of turbots, the most important difference was obtained in the case of Zn, as a largely higher content in the EZ than in the other zones was detected. A close relationship between Zn and total lipid contents (r² = 0.90 and 0.76 for farmed and wild turbots, respectively) was observed.     

Study on the discontinuance evalution theory of the minerals resource construction item

The period of the minerals resource construction items is very long, which affected largely by the changeable market. The discontinuance evalution theory and content of construction item about the resource used up and economic evalution theories of the invest were brought forward from the two aspects of the resource using value and the income rate.     

Clarification of suspensions by colloidal gas aphrons

Colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs), generated from dilute solutions of four surfactants, were used to clarify palm oil mill effluent (POME), suspensions of microalgae and suspensions of three inorganic minerals. In POME and the algal suspensions, each CGA was most effective at a pH value close to the pK value of the surfactant concerned. This effect was not tested in the inorganic suspensions. The efficiency of air utilization was directly related to the concentration of solids in the suspensions, the size, density and nature of the solids having secondary effects. Comparison with data in the literature led to a general correlation embracing a variety of suspensions and flotation systems. Shedding of collected material from the foam layer was also a direct function of solids concentration. CGAs offer advantages over other systems of air-assisted flotation in relation to the requirements for equipment and to the management of process operations.     

浅析中西方国家固体矿产勘查技术差异

由于中国和西方国家经济体制的差异,在地质矿产勘查管理政策、勘查规范、资源/储量估算方法等方面存在较大的不同,造成固体矿产勘查项目在设计、工程施工、地质编录、样品的采集加工与化验、资源/储量估算、技术报告编写与评审等方面有着很大的差异。了解并认清两者之间的差异,有效融合技术差异,对国内矿业企业寻求海外融资,以及国内矿业公司和勘查单位走出国门到海外勘查和开发矿产具有重要意义。     

磁选含磷尾矿正浮选硅酸盐矿物抑制剂的选择

为了利用磁选含磷尾矿中的磷资源,在水玻璃和L2-Z作为硅酸盐矿物抑制剂的条件下,采用一粗一精的正浮选流程进行了浮选试验。结果表明,在磷矿浮选中添加L2-Z后,获得的磷精矿中Mg O质量分数降至1.0%以下,磷精矿的P2O5质量分数提高至36%以上。由此得出,L2-Z抑制剂对硅酸盐具有较好的抑制效果。     

铌矿浮选药剂研究进展及生物预处理新思路

根据铌矿浮选药剂的现状,本文综述了脂肪酸类捕收剂、羟肟酸类捕收剂、膦酸类捕收剂及胂酸类捕收剂与铌矿物作用机理。针对铌矿物捕收剂在捕收能力及选择性等方面存在的问题,提出了对开发新型铌矿物捕收剂的要求。总结了铌矿浮选调整剂的研究现状,指出了脉石矿物有效抑制剂研究是铌矿浮选调整剂研究的重点。对于铌矿的浮选,目前大多数研究是采用传统的化学药剂来改变铌矿物与其它矿物间的可浮性差异,效果仍不理想。本文通过分析含铌矿物的特点,提出了铌矿生物预处理新思路。应用生物预处理对目的矿物和脉石矿物表面进行改性,达到扩大目的矿物与脉石矿物可浮性差异的目的,以实现铌矿物的高效回收。     

注CO2与煤中矿物反应渗透率变化规律

以晋城矿区寺河井田为研究对象,借助扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪得出煤中矿物成分和充填方式;基于煤储层几何模型结合渗流理论,构建了煤体原始渗透率和矿物溶解后渗透率变化的数学模型;在对寺河矿孔径分布、不同矿物溶解度测试基础上,探讨了注CO2后与煤中不同矿物反应渗透率的变化规律。研究结果表明：煤中矿物主要为黏土和碳酸盐矿物;煤中矿物主要以薄膜状附着和完全或半充填于煤层裂隙2种充填方式存在;不同矿物溶解、沉淀时间差异性导致注CO2后煤储层渗透率呈现先增加后减小趋势;在矿物含量相同条件下,在大孔径孔裂隙中附着或充填的矿物含量越高,矿物溶解后煤储层渗透率增加越多。煤层注CO2后煤层渗透率变化实验测试一定程度上验证了数学模型的可靠性。     

Seasonal variations of chemical composition in prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) miller)

The moisture, ash, free reducing sugar, starch, ether extractive, crude protein, amino acid and the heat energy contents of young and mature cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica, with or without fruits, are described. The measurements were made in each of the following stages of development: vegetative growth (March), full vegetative development, and at the beginning of fructification (October). Independently of developmental stage (different cladode types) the highest values were reached always in young cladodes in the following months: moisture content in March and October; ash and free reducing sugars in March; starch and ether extractive in September and October; crude protein in March and July. Crude fibre was maximal in September and global heat energy in October. The nutritive and caloric value of cladodes are compared to other products used for livestock nutrition.     

Fat, Protein, and Mineral Components of Added Ingredients Affect Flavor Qualities of Tomato Soups

Ten tomato soups were prepared with deionized, distilled water, skim or whole milk, or deionized, distilled water with added fat (corn oil), protein (calcium caseinate), and/or minerals (NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂) to equal the composition of whole milk. Tomato soups prepared with whole or skim milk were perceived as sweetest by a sensory panel of 12 trained subjects. Salt taste was probably masked by sweetness from lactose in milk. Added minerals may have increased saltiness either by adding to total Na⁺ content or by freeing Na⁺ from other ingredients making it more available for perception. Saltiness was suppressed by added protein, which increased pH, and may have affected Na⁺ binding. Salt taste intensity correlated positively with tomato flavor.     

Occurrence,types, properties and interactions of phenolic compounds with other food constituents in oil-bearing plants

ABSTRACT

Phenolic phytochemicals have become of interest due to their therapeutic potential, particularly with regards to their anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties. An evolving area of research involving phenolics in foods and their products pertains to the functional, biological, and nutritional consequences resulting from the binding between certain phenolic compounds and the macronutrient and micronutrient constituents of foods. The goal of this review is to provide a summary of studies investigating endogenous phenolic interactions with major components in food systems, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals and vitamins, with a focus on the phenolic compounds and nutrients in oil-bearing plants. Another major objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the chemical nature of phenolic interactions with food constituents that could affect the quality, nutritional and functional properties of foods. Such information can assist in the discovery and optimization of specific phenolic complexes in plant-based foods that could be utilized towards various applications in the food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.