从“硅时代”硅时代到“碳时代”碳时代全球矿业发展的新机遇：三论新技术矿产

2011年,新技术矿产的概念首次提出新技术矿产的概念,目前逐渐被业界认可;2018年,提出矿业裂解时代的来临到来,新技术矿产产业将迎来了重大的战略发展机遇,受到广泛关注。当前,人类社会正在经历从“硅时代”硅时代到向“碳时代”碳时代的过渡,能源革命、生命科学、信息技术、新材料等将带来矿产品需求发生重大调整,新技术矿产产业迈入长期成长通道。面对新的发展机遇,矿业企业需要在尊重矿业规律的基础上,提高矿业公司跨周期调整能力,保持战略定力,注重内涵式发展,更加重视科技创新,加强新技术矿产资源和产业布局,努力构建自主可控的矿业产业链供应链,在保障国家资源安全方面发挥好应有的使命与责任。     

非金属矿物材料的特点及其应用研究进展

中国非金属矿物资源丰富,价格低廉,并具有较强的离子交换性、表面吸附性等优良特性,在生活中应用十分广泛。文章介绍了非金属矿物的特点,并详细综述了其在废水处理、天然气及石油钻井、塑料等方面的应用。     

Hydrophobic Flocculation Flotation for Beneficiating Fine Coal and Minerals

ABSTRACT

It is shown that hydrophobic flocculation flotation (HFF) is an effective process to treat finely ground ores and slimes so as to concentrate coal and mineral values at a fine size range. The process is based on first dispersing the fine particles suspension, followed by flocculation of fine mineral values or coal in the form of hydrophobic surfaces either induced by specifically adsorbed surfactants or from nature at the conditioning of the slurry with the shear field of sufficient magnitude. The flocculation is intensified by the addition of a small amount of nonpolar oil. Finely ground coals, ilmenite slimes, and gold finely disseminated in a slag have been treated by this process. Results are presented indicating that cleaned coal with low ash and sulfur remaining and high Btu recovery can be obtained, and the refractory ores of ilmenite slimes and fine gold-bearing slag can be reasonably concentrated, leading to better beneficiation results than other separation techniques. In addition, the main operating parameters affecting the HFF process are discussed.     

The effect of acrylamide-co-vinylpyrrolidinone copolymer on the depression of talc in mixed nickel mineral flotation

Copolymers of acrylamide and vinylpyrrolidinone with varying compositions have been synthesised and employed to depress talc in a model flotation system with process plant operation conditions. Adsorption isotherms indicated that the hydrophilic acrylamide homopolymer has a very low affinity for the hydrophobic talc surface, whereas vinylpyrrolidinone homopolymer strongly adsorbs onto the talc surface. Micro-flotation experiments revealed that the copolymer system can induce stronger talc depression than the homopolymer variants, with the most effective copolymer depressant having 25-30% vinylpyrrolidinone incorporation. The copolymer system is observed to have inherited the strong talc affinity of vinylpyrrolidinone polymer and the strong hydrophilic property from polyacrylamide. This combined effect facilitates the desired strong talc depression in single mineral flotation. However, this copolymer system has similar adsorption affinity on both the talc and pentlandite, hence depressing both talc and pentlandite in the mixed mineral flotation system. This research shows that a sufficient hydrophobic balance on the polymer is necessary for the adsorption and subsequent depression for talc. However, polymer with high adsorption selectivity is required to be a successful synthetic talc depressant for mixed mineral system.     

亚热带小流域不同沉积区土壤粘粒矿物的演变

在亚热带丘陵河谷地小流域范围内地表物质的迁移常可导致不同沉积区物质组成的变化 .从黄泥土→洪积泥砂土→培泥砂土 ,随着搬运距离的增加 ,其粘粒矿物组成发生了一系列的变化 ;高岭石逐渐下降 ,云母逐渐增加 ,蛭石渐趋下降消失 ,而绿泥石则逐渐形成 ;同时赤铁矿、针铁矿也先后下降消失 .矿物的演化与沉积物所处环境的水分条件及溶液中盐基物质和酸碱度变化有关     

Pre-treatment for the extraction of manganese from mangano-argentiferous refractory tailings

A novel process was used to extract manganese from minerals that are refractory to cyanidation and ammonium thiosulphate. These minerals, known as mangano-argentiferous compounds, are principally composed of manganese, silver, and iron and exhibit low recovery. The mineral of interest was obtained from the leaching tails procured in Monte del Favor, Hostotipaquillo, Jalisco, Mexico. The tailings were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis. After mineralogical characterisation, the tailings were screened through a mesh (mesh number 100, 0.147?mm); later, they were subjected to a reductive leaching process, where the solid–liquid ratio was varied from 2:1 to 10:1. A 5:1 ratio yielded the highest manganese content. With sulphuric acid and sodium sulphite as the reducing agents, 96.05% of Mn could be extracted during the first 3?h, with a head grade of 3.58% and an acid consumption of 49.31?kg/t. The sulphite consumption was found to be 9.81?kg/t.     

生态文明建设与绿色非金属矿业

本文从生态文明建设的重要性和紧迫性入手,分析了我国非金属矿工业的现状和存在的问题,提出了建设绿色非金属矿工业的主要工作和途径。     

Acid-activated organoclays: preparation, characterisation and catalytic activity of polycation-treated bentonites

Samples of SWy-2 and SAz-1 loaded with increasing amounts of the polycation magnafloc 206, [(Me₂NCH₂CHOHCH₂)_n]ⁿ⁺Cl_n, were acid-treated using 6 M HCl at 95°C for 30, 90 and 180 min. The activity of these acid-activated polycation-exchanged clays for the conversion of α-pinene to camphene and limonene was determined and compared with that from clay samples (without polycation) acid-treated in the same manner. Acid treatment of polycation-exchanged bentonites produced hybrid catalysts which enhanced the activity of the clays for the isomerisation of α-pinene to camphene and limonene. The presence of the polycation had a more marked influence on the activity of samples derived from SAz-1 increasing the yield from 25% for acid-activated SAz-1 with no added polycation to 50% camphene for acid-activated polycation-exchanged SAz-1. The increase in yield for corresponding samples derived from SWy-2 was only from 42 to 52%. This enhancement in yield for samples derived from SAz-1 was attributed to the increased hydrophobicity of the polycation loaded clay whilst the comparable yields for SWy-2 in the absence and presence of polycation may suggest that SWy-2 disperses well in the non-polar α-pinene. The total yields (based on α-pinene) for the most active catalysts was between 80 and 90%. These yields are directly comparable with those obtained by others using zeolites and pillared clays although the acid-activated polycation-treated clays were marginally less selective towards camphene.     

Sorption of mercaptanbenzothiazol and dithiophosphate on Pt-Cu-Ni minerals at flotation process

The test data on sorption and flotation properties of reagent-collectors: dithiophosphate (DTP) and mercaptanbenzothiazol (MBT) relative to Pt-Cu-Ni minerals (chalcopyrite, pentlandite, and pyrrhotite) are presented. It was established by UV-spectroscopy analysis that MBT sorption on the study mineral specimens amounted to 62 % for chalcopyrite, and 15–30 % for pyrrhotites, 88 % for pentlanditepyrrhotite specimen to the initial reagent quantity. Adsorption of isopropyl and isobutyldithiophosphate on pentlandite-pyrrhotite was 59% and 82 %, respectively, along with none actual adsorption of these reagents on pyrrhotite.. It is shown that the selective sorption of MBT and DTP proves the expediency of applying the above complex-forming reagent mixture as selective collectors for platinum-bearing sulfide minerals at Pt-Cu-Ni ore flotation. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 6, pp. 129–134, November–December, 2007.