Geopolymerisation of multiple minerals

Geopolymerisation can transfer large scale alumino-silicate wastes into value-added geopolymeric products with sound mechanical strength and high acid, fire and bacterial resistance. However, due to the complexity of source materials as well as the interaction between source materials during the geopolymerisation, previous studies have mostly dealt with single or bi-component systems, which could potentially narrow the application of this technology. The present work selects three industrial materials, i.e. fly ash, kaolinite and albite to investigate various combinations. The results show that when appropriate reaction parameters are used, the three component system gives geopolymers possessing the highest compressive strength and the lowest probability of cracking. It is believed that the higher reactivity of the fly ash and albite, the interaction between the source materials and the gel phase, and the reinforcing effect caused by the large unreacted albite particles are responsible for this satisfactory mechanical behaviour.     

地质产品供给方式分析与建议

地质工作作为经济社会发展的一项先行性、基础性工作，为社会和政府提供的是地质产品，包括信息产品和服务。本文运用经济学中的基本理论——公共产品理论，结合地质工作的产品特点，分析了地质产品的类型和供给方式，并分析了市场经济条件下，地质产品的完整生产过程和战略性矿产勘查的性质，最终从中国地质调查局的角度，提出要建立分别与公共地质产品和非公共地质产品相适应的两套项目管理体系和运行机制。     

水对含微裂缝页岩渗流能力的影响

页岩储层经水力压裂后,发育不同尺度的裂缝,返排液滞留在储层与裂缝中,改变了页岩储层的含水饱和度,从而影响了页岩气的流动。为研究微裂缝条件下水对页岩储层渗流能力的影响,选取四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组储层黑色页岩,经巴西劈裂造缝处理后开展岩心实验,并结合扫描电镜实验方法以及渗流力学理论对含水条件下页岩储层渗流能力的影响因素进行分析,结果表明:黏土矿物含量以及缝网发育程度决定了页岩储层渗流能力;黏土矿物含量越多,储层渗流能力下降越大;主裂缝的开度及缝网形态控制着水在裂缝系统中的作用范围。通过拟合实验数据建立渗流能力下降幅度与面积密度方程,并对微裂缝条件下水对页岩渗流能力的影响情况做出细致分析。     

3种金枪鱼头不同部位成分比较及营养学评价

分析黄鳍金枪鱼、大眼金枪鱼和马苏金枪鱼鱼头不同部位（鱼肉、鱼皮和鱼骨）的基本营养成分,并评价其营养价值。结果表明：3 种金枪鱼鱼头均含有丰富的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分;3 种金枪鱼鱼头的鱼肉中必需氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸与总氨基酸含量的比值接近40%,氨基酸评分较高,必需氨基酸指数大于86,属于优质蛋白;而鱼皮和鱼骨中蛋白质的营养价值相对较低;3 种金枪鱼鱼头的脂质中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸的比例接近于1∶1∶1,富含二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid,DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA）,其含量分别为15.69%～23.29%和4.02%～5.15%,DHA与EPA的比值为3.23～5.27,n-6与n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的比值为0.13～0.29,具有较高的营养价值;3 种金枪鱼鱼头中还富含对人体健康有益的Ca、Fe、Zn等矿物质元素。     

复杂含锌矿物高效复合配位提取研究

针对复杂含锌矿物多金属伴生、物相组成复杂、碱性脉石含量高的特点,提出了第一配体为NH3、第二配体为氨三乙酸（NTA）,复杂含锌矿物复合配位提取新技术。在分析复杂含锌矿物物性特点的基础上,对单配体模型和复合配体模型中锌组分配位溶解过程进行了计算,确定了可配位溶解硅酸锌的配体,及复合配位体系的稳定常数,并利用NTA在等电点条件下溶解度最低原理,提出采用蒸氨―加酸工序从浸出溶液中回收NTA。研究证明,第一配体NH3仅能配位提取碳酸盐类含锌矿物,一定程度上限制了氨性配位浸出的广泛应用;NH4Cl-NH3-NTA（0.5 mol/L）复合体系的配位稳定常数为14.08,比NH4Cl-NH3体系配位能力提高4.62;NTA中氨基的N原子和羧基中的O原子与锌离子形成稳定的金属螯合物,促进传统的Zn(NH3)42+配合物向更为稳定的ZnNTA(NH3)2多配位配合物转变,锌浸出率提高113.4%;当浸出溶液pH调至1.30时,浸出溶液中NTA浓度降低至1.15 g/L,NTA回收率为96.0%。复杂含锌矿物高效复合配位提取新技术对于突破温和化学环境下多矿相有价金属的高效提取与利用具有重要指导意义。     

Skin smoothing effects of Dead Sea minerals: comparative profilometric evaluation of skin surface

The skin smoothing effects of three different liquid gels were compared on 20 mature women. Treatment applications were performed twice a day over a period of 4 weeks, and the skin roughness parameter (Rz) of all test participants was determined at the beginning and at the end of the study using a computer-aided laser profilometry, in accordance with DIN 4768 ff. At the end of the application period, the liquid gel with 1% of a Dead Sea mineral solution had an average skin roughness parameter reduction of 40.7%. The liquid gel without mineral additives showed an average reduction in skin roughness of 27.8%. The control gel without anti-wrinkle agents or the additives showed an average reduction of only 10.4%.     

Effect of tribocharger material on the triboelectric characteristics of coal and mineral particles

Dry triboelectric separation of coal depends on tribocharge difference of the coal and gangue minerals. A suitable tribocharger material which makes the coal and minerals tribocharged of opposite polarity is of great importance for triboelectric separation. In this paper, the composition of coal was analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the triboelectric characteristics of coal and other ash-forming minerals were tested using stainless steel (SS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), pentatricopeptide repeats (PPR), polyfluortetraethylene (PPFT), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) tribochargers in lab triboelectric unit. The charge?mass ratio of coal and mineral particles were presented and evaluated. Infrared spectroscopy was adopted to analyze the different tribocharge properties between clean coal and minerals. The results show that the gangue minerals in coal are mainly pyrite, kaolin, calcite, dolomite, and quartz. The conductive mineral had the lowest chargeability, especially tribocharged with conductive material. Compared with the inorganic surface, the organic surface is easy to lose electrons and charge positively. According to the triboelectric characteristics of coal and minerals, PMMA is more suitable as tribocharger material for triboelectric separation of pulverized coal compared with PVC, PPFT, PPR, and SS. The better separation efficiency of Tai Xi anthracite coal is obtained by using PMMA tribocharger.     

黏土矿物对泥石流体屈服应力影响的实验研究

一般情况下,泥石流体屈服应力随着泥沙颗粒体积浓度的增大而增大,同时随着黏粒黏性的增强而增强。在此研究基础上,以泥石流体屈服应力为研究目标,选取了蒙脱石、伊利石、绿泥石、高岭土等4种常见的黏土矿物为研究对象,通过改变泥石流体中泥沙颗粒体积浓度、黏土矿物成分及黏粒重量百分含量得出:1一般情况下,黏土成份对泥石流体屈服应力影响的强弱关系依次为蒙脱石伊利石绿泥石高岭土。2泥沙颗粒体积浓度和黏粒百分含量对泥石流体屈服应力的影响呈指数关系。3综合分析泥沙颗粒体积浓度、黏土矿物成份、黏粒百分含量与屈服应力的关系后获得了黏土矿物下屈服应力的关系式。4用野外调查资料验证了上述泥石流屈服应力与泥沙颗粒体积浓度、黏土矿物的关系,具有一定的准确性。     

Analytical evaluation of phenolic compounds and minerals of Opuntia robusta J.C. Wendl. and Opuntia ficus-barbarica A. Berger

In this study, 19 phenolic compounds were detected using high-throughput instrument ultra performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) in Opuntia ficus-barbarica A. Berger and Opuntia robusta J.C. Wendl. fruits. The five macro- and five micro-minerals determined in both species were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer. The phenolic compounds, mineral content, and the antioxidant capacity of the fruits of O. robusta and O. ficus-barbarica were analyzed. All phenolic compounds and minerals varied significantly between the two species. The total of phenolic compounds content was calculated as 69.237 and 66.385 mg kg^?1, respectively, in O. ficus-barbarica and O. robusta. Ferulic acid was the highest quantities, 31.620 and 26.931 mg kg^?1 in O. robusta and O. ficus-barbarica, in all phenolic contents, respectively. The macroelements calcium and potassium were the most abundant in both Opuntia species. The antioxidant activity of O. ficus-barbarica and O. robusta fruit samples was measured in the extracts of hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. The DPPH assay of Opuntia samples displayed a good radical scavenging inhibition, similar to butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene standards, as half maximal inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ = 69.32 and 67.57 μg mL^?1 in ethyl acetate extracts of O. ficus-barbarica and O. robusta fruits, respectively. This work presents a suitable method for the extraction, detection, and quantification of phenolic compounds by UPLC–ESI–MS/MS. MS/MS determination for multiclass determination was validated in Opuntia samples obtaining good results.

Abbreviations: ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid; AChE, acetylcholinesterase; BChE, butyrylcholinesterase; BHA, butylated hydroxyanisole; BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene; DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; DTNB, (5,50-Dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic)acid; ICP/MS, inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometer; LoD, yhe limit of detection; MRM, multiple reaction monitoring; QEs, quercetin equivalents; PEs, pyrocatechol equivalents; R², correlation coefficients; r, Pearson’s correlation coefficient; SD, standard deviation; TIC, total ion chromatogram; UPLC–ESI–MS/MS, ultra performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry     

云南新山金矿床金矿物形貌成分特征及矿床成因意义

以新山矿区原生金矿石为研究对象,采用光学显微镜及电子探针研究等手段,系统研究了金矿物的形貌、赋存方式与化学成分特征,并结合矿区地质矿化特征讨论其矿床成因指示意义。研究结果表明,区内金矿物为含铋、汞的金银系列矿物,主要为银金矿,其次为含银自然金,少量为自然金,黄铁矿为其主要载体矿物,金矿物以包裹金、裂隙金及粒间金形式产出。随热液成矿作用演化,受成矿流体温度、酸度缓慢降低及控矿断裂的调整式活动制约,金矿物由自然金向含银自然金再向银金矿有序变化,赋存形式也由包裹金向裂隙金再向粒间金有序变化。金矿化化学成分、赋存形式及其变化特征显示,矿床为中深成热液矿床,矿区深部仍有找矿远景。