试论北方游牧民族饮食文化的交流

一个民族或群体由于各自有较稳定的生存地域和生计方式，因而具有相对独立的饮食文化，这是其饮食文化的主要特征。事实上。每个民族或群体的饮食生活是动态的，反映在文化上是相互交流的。在不同民族、地域、国家之间的文化传播、渗透、吸收、整合、流变中，饮食文化不断发展变化，这在北方游牧民族的饮食文化中显得非常突出。主要表现在与中原地区、周边民族和西方国家的饮食文化交流状况。形成你中有我、我中有你的文化现象。     

论北方游牧民族饮食文化在宗教礼仪中的作用

在北方游牧民族的宗教礼仪中，饮食种类、饮食器具、饮食行为以及饮食的象征意义等都起着重要的作用。无论是原始宗教，还是人为宗教，在举行各种祭祀和其他礼仪时，必定有饮食作为祭品，献给神灵。饮食行为是指宗教祭祀活动中的外在形式，与饮食祭品一起在沟通人与神联系过程中扮演着媒介角色，并为饮食象征传递信息，使人们现实生活中的各种请求、愿望、情感等得到满足。     

西凤酒的文化价值探讨

西凤酒作为中国四大老牌名白酒之一,其三千多年发展历史是与中华民族的进化同步进行的,是中国酒文化的一个缩影。考察西凤酒的历史,必然同时牵涉到中华民族的文化发展史;考察中国文化史,也必然要涉及中国酒文化史和西凤酒的发展史,体现除了西凤酒的历史学价值;西凤酒的结构美、个性美正是西凤酒文化中审美价值的集中体现。     

Seoul Food Culture Viewed from High-Class Korean-Styled Restaurants and Korean Female Entertainers in the 1930s

Since Korea-Japan annexation in 1910, Japan has promoted the migration and/or tourism into colonial Chosun （old Korea） as an efficient cultural strategy for extending imperialism into Korean peninsula. In many tour guide books, the gisaeng （Korean female entertainers） was not only a symbol of Chosun tradition, but a main icon of Chosun tourism. The high class Korean-styled restaurants （yorijoem） were established as tourist attraction for Japanese inlanders, with singing and dancing gisaengs, ondol （Korean heating floor） house and Korean authentic cuisine, etc. The aim of this paper is firstly to explore the existential change of gisaengs in the yorijoem through its spatial significance in the 1930s, and secondly to explore the identity of Seoul local food culture and its metamorphosis under the colonial modernity.     

嗜酸乳杆菌高密度培养的研究

为了提高嗜酸乳杆菌单位体积的菌数,针对嗜酸乳杆菌所需的营养物质,采用正交分析的实验方法优化了嗜酸乳杆菌的培养基配方,即1%乳糖、1.5%蛋白胨、30%胡萝卜汁、30%平菇汁、1%牛肉膏、1%酵母粉、1%磷酸氢二钾、1mL/L吐温80。另外通过全自动发酵罐培养,确定了最优的培养温度为42℃,最优的恒定培养pH为5.5,在此条件下,培养9h后添加补料,可以使菌数在15h达到8.82×109cfu/mL。     

Effect of fermented rice culture on the microbiological,biochemical and sensory characteristics of low‐salt douchi,a traditional Chinese fermented soybean condiment

A low‐salt (4% NaCl, w/w) douchi supplemented with different concentration of fermented rice culture (FRC) of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (v/w) was produced, and the effect of FRC on microbiology, biochemistry and sensory quantity was investigated. Results indicated that FRC had a significant effect on low‐salt douchi. Compared with the control (added 0% FRC), in the other treatments, the counts of yeast and lactic acid bacteria increased by about 50%, whereas the moulds decreased by about 30%; the pH reduction was close to 4.7; total acid increased to about 1.300 g per 100 g; reducing sugar maintained a decrease to 21.07 mg per g; amino nitrogen increased to about 0.900 g per 100 g, but not above the control (1.013 g per 100 g). In general terms, total free amino acid contents and three organic acids were higher in low‐salt products than four commercial products. Sensory evaluation of products supplemented with 10% and 15% FRC revealed better overall acceptability compared with other treatments and a commercial product.     

响应面法优化干酪乳杆菌LC2W合成胞外多糖的培养条件

采用响应面法(RSM)对影响干酪乳杆菌LC2W合成胞外多糖的培养条件进行了优化。以胞外多糖产量为指标,通过单因素试验初步得到干酪乳杆菌LC2W合成胞外多糖的培养条件,再根据Box—Benhnken中心组合实验设计原理,在单因素试验基础上采用3因素3水平的响应面分析法,建立了胞外多糖产量与各影响因子的回归方程,并得到以胞外多糖产量为响应值的响应面图和等高线图,进而得出干酪乳杆菌LC2W合成胞外多糖的优化培养条件:接种量4%,发酵温度31.5℃,发酵时间32h。验证试验结果表明,在此条件下胞外多糖的产量可达157.46mg/L,比优化前产量提高了30.81%。     

中国动漫产业存在的问题及分析

21世纪注定是动漫产业横空出世的一个时代。动画经历了漫长的历史,从远古人用静态画记录人体和动物的连续动作,到18世纪末发明了魔术幻灯,直至1913年纽约第一家动画公司的诞生,动画企业吹响了前进的号角。由于动画的高科技、高品位、高投入、高风险、高淘汰和成功作品的高回报的产品特点,现代动画企业生存发展必须具备强劲的竞争力。通过回顾中国动漫发展的历史,分析其发展现状以及存在的问题,寻找到中国动漫产业和动漫企业发展壮大的规律和竞争优势。     

Growth and poliovirus production of Vero cells on a novel microcarrier with artificial cell adhesive protein under serum-free conditions

A microcarrier is used for the three-dimensional (3D) culture of adhesion-dependent mammalian cells. We developed a novel microcarrier by binding ProNectin F, an artificial cell adhesive protein synthesized by genetically engineered Escherichia coli to a polyacrylic superabsorbent polymer. The microcarrier is characterized by containing no animal-derived components. The serum-free culture of Vero cells for vaccine production using the microcarrier increased the number of Vero cells by approximately 30% compared with the existing dextran beads coated with porcine Type I collagen, which resulted in approximately a 30% to 40% increase in the infectivity titer of the Sabin 2 strain of poliovirus. These results suggested that the developed microcarrier should be unprecedented in permitting high-yield vaccine production by means of a serum-free culture.     

Physicochemical and textural characteristics and volatile compounds of semihard goat cheese as affected by starter cultures

Today, cheese is valued because of its high nutritional value and unique characteristics. Improving the texture and flavor of cheese by selecting suitable starter cultures is an important way to promote the development of cheese industry. The effect of starter cultures on the physicochemical and textural properties and volatile compounds during the ripening of semihard goat cheese were investigated in this work. Different starter cultures—mesophilic (M) and thermophilic starters (T), Lactobacillus plantarum ssp. plantarum ATCC 14917 (Lp), a mix of the M and T starters (M1), and mix of the M, T, and Lp starters (M2)—were used in the production of the goat cheeses. Volatile compounds were determined by a solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (SPME/GC-MS) method. The results showed that the moisture content of cheeses produced with the 5 kinds of starter cultures decreased after maturation, whereas ash content increased. The pH values of goat cheeses decreased first and then increased during maturity, and the pH value of M2 cheese was the lowest among the cheeses. The hardness and chewiness of the cheeses increased with increasing maturity, whereas cohesiveness, springiness, and resilience showed the opposite tendency. The 60-d-old cheese made with Lp had the highest chewiness, cohesiveness, springiness, and resilience, whereas the 60-d-old cheese made with M2 had the highest hardness. A total of 53 volatile components were identified by SPME/GC-MS, and carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, and esters were the 4 major contributors to the characteristic flavors of the cheeses. Volatile components and their contents differed greatly among the produced cheeses. The M2 cheese contained the highest relative content of the main volatile compounds (90.10%), especially butanoic acid and acetoin. Through a comprehensive comparison of the results, we concluded that M2 cheese had a dense texture and milky flavor, and M2 is a potential starter culture candidate for the production of goat cheese.