Mechanical properties and crosslink density of rare earth‐modified high‐abrasion furnace‐filled powdered natural rubber

High‐abrasion furnace‐filled powdered natural rubber [P(NR/HAF)] has more advantages than traditional HAF‐filled bale NR (NR/HAF) because of its better environmental performance and easier processing quality, but its lower mechanical properties are disadvantageous. To improve the mechanical properties, rare earth‐modified HAF‐filled powdered NR [P(NR/HAF‐Ln)] (Ln = Sm,La,Pr) was prepared by means of coacervation–coprecipitation, using rare earth‐modified HAF as separant and filler. The effect on mechanical properties of P(NR/HAF‐Ln) vulcanizate exerted by the emulsifier/HAF ratio, powdering temperature, Ln/HAF ratio and type of Ln, and HAF content were studied. The results indicated that when optimum formulation, the mechanical properties of P(NR/HAF‐Ln) vulcanizate were better than P(NR/HAF) vulcanizate. In addition, the relationship of the apparent crosslink density and HAF content of P(NR/HAF‐Ln), P(NR/HAF), NR/HAF vulcanizates was also investigated, along with their SEM microphotographs of tensile fracture surface, which indicated that the excellent mechanical properties of P(NR/HAF‐Ln) vulcanizate was attributed to correct amount of Ln that could increase crosslink density and reinforce the interface structure of NR matrix/HAF‐Ln particle. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1755–1762, 2006     

有机硅改性丙烯酸乳液性能的研究

采用含乙烯基官能团的有机硅单体与甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸羟基酯等单体通过种子乳液聚合方法进行共聚,合成了有机硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚乳液,考察了有机硅单体用量对乳液机械稳定性、热稳定性、电解质稳定性和冻融稳定性的影响,同时还考察了乳液胶膜的机械性能和吸水率改进。     

Nafion/ORMOSIL nanocomposites via polymer-in situ sol-gel reactions. 1. Probe of ORMOSIL phase nanostructures by Si solid-state NMR spectroscopy

A series of Nafion^®/ORMOSIL hybrids, generated by in situ sol-gel co-polymerizations of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and semi-organic R′_nSi(OR)_4−n co-monomers (SOC), were developed to generate a spectrum of nanoscale chemical environments within the Nafion^® morphological template. The molecular structures of the ORMOSIL phases were analyzed by means of ²⁹Si solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy. A high average degree of Si atom coordination about SiO₄ molecular sub-units can be achieved, but a significant number of unreacted SiOH groups on reacted Q=Si(O_1/2)₄ units is always present. The shifting, with relative ORMOSIL composition, of D=RR′Si(O_1/2)₂ or T=R″Si(O_1/2)₃ (R, R′ and R″ are organic moeities) peak envelopes for difunctional or trifunctional SOCs is suggested to reflect random co-condensation rather than distinct Q and D (or T) block formation. The numbers of membrane-incorporated Q and D (or T) units per fixed sulfonate group were calculated from the ²⁹Si SSNMR spectra for those particular hybrids that had a reasonably low noise/signal aspect. Spectra for hybrids based on in situ sol-gel reactions for TEOS (no SOC present) suggest that inserted hydroquinone molecules interfere with condensation reactions between (RO)_4−xSi(OH)_x molecules and silanol oligomers to yield silicate structures with lower average coordination. While earlier small angle X-ray scattering studies indicated that ORMOSIL structures can be grown within the polar regions of Nafion^®, the results reported here address the specific compositions of these nanoscale structures.     

Interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyol modified castor oil polyurethane and poly(2‐ethoxyethyl methacrylate): Synthesis,chemical, mechanical,thermal properties,and morphology

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of glycerol modified castor oil polyurethane (GC‐PU) and poly(2‐ethoxyethyl methacrylate) poly(2‐EOEMA) were synthesized using benzoyl peroxide as initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) as crosslinker. GC‐PU/poly (2‐EOEMA) interpenetrating polymer networks were obtained by transfer molding. The novel GC‐PU/poly (2‐EOEMA) IPNs are found to be tough films. These IPNs are characterized in terms of their resistance to chemical reagents thermal behavior (DSC, TGA) and mechanical behavior, including tensile strength, Young's modulus, shore A hardness, and elongation. The morphological behavior was studied by scanning electron microscopy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1029–1034, 2004     

一种汉语方言编码与转换机制的研究

回顾了汉语拼音方案的组成和特点,分析了方言编码的可行性。引入二进制编码方式对汉字发音进行编码。编码序列包括了声母、韵母、音调、儿化音等编码部分。建立了方言音、修饰音、标准音之间的转换关系。以湘汨地区的方言为例,详细论述了方言编码和转换的过程。以人工代谢算法作为寻优策略,结合特定语言环境,将方言音转换成标准音。通过实例分析论述了该方案的可行性和合理性。     

ZnHZSM-5催化丙烷芳构化的失活动力学研究

在等温积分反应器中实验研究了由丙烷制取轻质芳烃BTX（苯、甲苯及二甲苯）的芳构化过程中，锌改性的HZSM－5催化剂的积炭失活对反应过程的影响，通过对常压、不同反应温度下的实验数据所进行的动力学分析，建立起了失活动力学模型，并通过拟合实验数据对模型做了筛选，最终确定了基于Langumir-Hinshelwood模型的反应速率方程和由独立失活机理推出的2级独立失活速率方程，该模型对深入了解轻烃芳构化反应及指导反应器设计均具有重要的意义。     

Oxidative stability of soybean oils with altered fatty acid compositions

The oxidative stabilities of one canola oil and six soybean oils of various fatty acid compositions were compared in terms of peroxide values, conjugated dienoic acid values and sensory evaluations. Two of the soybean oils (Hardin and BSR 101) were from common commercial varieties. The other four soybean oils were from experimental lines developed in a mutation breeding program at Iowa State University that included A17 with 1.5% linolenate and 15.2% palmitate; A16 with 2% linolenate and 10.8% palmitate; A87-191039 with 2% linolenate and 29.6% oleate; and A6 with 27.5% stearate. Seed from the soybean genotypes was cold pressed. Crude canola oil was obtained without additives. All oils were refined, bleached and deodorized under laboratory conditions with no additives and stored at 60°C for 15 days. The A17, A16, A87-191039 and A6 oils were generally more stable to oxidation than the commercial soybean varieties and canola oil as evaluated by chemical and sensory tests. Canola oil was much less stable than Hardin and BSR 101 oils by both chemical and sensory tests. The peroxide values and flavor scores of oils were highly correlated with the initial amounts of linolenate (r=0.95, P=0.001). Flavor quality and flavor intensity had negative correlations with linolenate, (r=−0.89, P=0.007) and (r=−0.86, P=0.013), respectively.     

表达HIV-1 Gag-Pol抗原的重组痘病毒的构建及免疫原性

目的构建稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白的重组痘病毒载体疫苗,并检测其体液免疫效果。方法将修饰型HIV-1Gag-Pol基因插入到痘病毒表达载体pSC11m2启动子P7·5下游,经与野生型痘病毒同源重组后,进行蓝白斑筛选。用筛选得到的重组病毒rM-GP转染HEK293细胞,经SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测表达蛋白。用该重组病毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,并检测体液免疫应答。结果已筛选到稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白的重组痘病毒载体rM-GP,经Westernblot,在免疫小鼠血清中检测到抗HIV-1p24蛋白的特异性抗体。结论重组痘病毒载体rM-GP能稳定高效表达HIV-1Gag-Pol蛋白,并能引起有效的体液免疫应答。     

焙烧及改性对沸石吸附甲醛性能的影响

通过研究几种不同的焙烧方式对沸石吸附甲醛的影响,得出经过不同焙烧改性的沸石对甲醛均具有一定的吸附量,其中经过NaOH改性后再于400℃焙烧的沸石吸附量比较理想,达到0．1656g／g．     

注装用改性B炸药渗油性的试验研究

通过中大口径榴弹战斗部注装改性B炸药后产生疵病的原因分析、实弹观察、注装过程物理特性及失效分析,参照TNT标准的渗油性试验方法,对原材料特性、制造工艺、长期储存所经历的任务剖面的综合分析及以相关试验为基础确定试验边界条件,提出改性B炸药的渗油性综合比较试验方案并进行检测,依此提出渗油性试验和工艺控制参数,为科学合理的评估注装弹药使用寿命周期提供试验依据.