有机硅树脂的种类、性能及应用

综述了有机硅树脂和改性有机硅树脂的种类，介绍了他们的性能和应用。     

无机纳米粒子改性环氧树脂研究进展

综述了采用无机纳米粒子改性环氧树脂的国内外研究进展,改性方法包括原位聚合法、溶液共混法、溶胶-凝胶法、层间插入法等。     

Formulation and Characterization of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Made from Blends of Refined Palm Olein,and Soybean,Olive, Fish,and Virgin Coconut Oils

The simplest and the most cost-effective way of human milk fat substitute (HMFS) production is formulating of suitable vegetable oils at proper ratios. To do this, the D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the HMFS formulation. The design included 25 formulations made from refined palm olein (35–55%), soybean oil (5–25%), olive oil (5–20%), virgin coconut oil (5–15%), and fish oil (0–10%). Samples were produced in laboratory and characterized in terms of fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions, free fatty acid content, peroxide value, iodine value, and oxidative stability index (OSI). HMFS samples were also compared with Codex Alimentarius (CA) and Iran National Standards Organization (INSO) standards. Each characteristic of HMFS samples was then expressed as a function of ingredient ratio using regression models. Finally, using numerical optimization, four optimized blends (PB₁-PB₄) were selected, made in the laboratory (HMFS₁-HMFS₄), characterized, and compared with CA and INSO standards. The properties of all the optimized blends (except the palmitic acid content of HMFS₂ and the monounsaturated fatty acid [MUFA] content of HMFS₃) met the standards. HMFS₄ showed the highest OSI in Rancimat and the lowest oxidation rate in Schaal oven tests. POL (19.53–21.73%), PPO (20.77–21.73%), OOO (9.11–11.16%), and OPO (8.84–9.46%) were the main (totally about 60%) TAG species found in HMFS samples. In conclusion, the HMFS₄ formula (55% palm olein, 13.5% soybean oil, 16% refined olive oil, 15% virgin coconut oil, and 0.5% fish oil) was suggested as the best formula for HMFS production.     

MALDI Q-TOF CID MS for Diagnostic Ion Screening of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Samples

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) represent the bioactive components of human milk, influencing the infant’s gastrointestinal microflora and immune system. Structurally, they represent a highly complex class of analyte, where the main core oligosaccharide structures are built from galactose and N-acetylglucosamine, linked by 1–3 or 1–4 glycosidic linkages and potentially modified with fucose and sialic acid residues. The core structures can be linear or branched. Additional structural complexity in samples can be induced by endogenous exoglycosidase activity or chemical procedures during the sample preparation. Here, we show that using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) collision-induced dissociation (CID) as a fast screening method, diagnostic structural information about single oligosaccharide components present in a complex mixture can be obtained. According to sequencing data on 14 out of 22 parent ions detected in a single high molecular weight oligosaccharide chromatographic fraction, 20 different oligosaccharide structure types, corresponding to over 30 isomeric oligosaccharide structures and over 100 possible HMO isomers when biosynthetic linkage variations were taken into account, were postulated. For MS/MS data analysis, we used the de novo sequencing approach using diagnostic ion analysis on reduced oligosaccharides by following known biosynthetic rules. Using this approach, de novo characterization has been achieved also for the structures, which could not have been predicted.     

ZrC和Al_2O_3改性涤纶织物的制备及其抗紫外线性能

分别采用纳米材料ZrC和Al2O3,运用母粒法生产改性涤纶,讨论了改性涤纶的强度、伸长和形态特征,并测试了其织物的断裂强力和抗紫外线性能。试验结果表明:与普通涤纶相比,改性涤纶的强度和断裂伸长率没有明显改变,丝表面比较光洁,没有发现大块的团聚现象;改性涤纶织物的断裂强力和断裂伸长率与普通涤纶织物相比也没有明显改变,但比普通涤纶织物具有更好的抗紫外线性能。     

Synthesis of modified catalyst and stabilization of CuO/NH4‐ZSM‐5 for conversion of methanol to gasoline

In this article, the catalytic conversion of methanol to gasoline range hydrocarbons has been studied over CuO/ NH₄‐ZSM‐5(3,5,7,9%) catalysts prepared via sono‐chemistry methods. In order to improve, copper oxide can be used as a booster on NH₄‐ZSM‐5 this catalyst property. Accordingly, the conversion process of Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) was conducted under a pressure of 1 atm and temperature of 400°C by a fixed‐bed reactor on copper oxide catalysts which were prepared based on synthetic NH₄‐ZSM‐5. The synthetic catalyst was investigated by such analyses as BET, XRD, FT‐IR, and SEM. Formation of copper oxide phase and proper distribution of copper oxide were proven on the basic level of using XRD analysis. BET analysis showed the reduction in catalyst level and SEM images depicted the proper distribution of particles. The present investigation is to study the effect of CuO loading on NH4‐ZSM‐5 support for conversion of methanol to gasoline range hydrocarbons. A series of CuO/ NH4‐ZSM‐5 catalysts were prepared, characterized, and experimented for their performance on methanol conversion and hydrocarbon yield.     

超声作用下辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯合成工艺及反应机理研究

以木薯淀粉为原料,辛烯基琥珀酸酐为变性剂,采用湿法工艺,在超声作用下制备辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯.用单因素实验探索最佳制备工艺条件及酯化反应机理.结果表明,超声作用制备辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的最佳工艺条件为：超声作用时间30 min,超声功率250 W,酯化pH 8.5,反应温度35℃,在最佳工艺条件下制备所得辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯取代度达0.0181,比未施加超声作用所制得的产品取代度提高了28.4％.超声波强化淀粉变性反应机理是超声波的空化效应对木薯淀粉的颗粒结构有一定影响,使淀粉颗粒表面变粗糙,增加了反应物之间的接触面积,强化了酯化反应的发生.     

改良型A~2/O工艺对低碳源城市污水的脱氮除磷效果

以城市污水为原水,考察了一种分点进水的改良型A2/O工艺的脱氮除磷效果。试验结果表明,原水按照6∶4的体积比分别进入厌氧池和缺氧池后,增加了缺氧池的碳源浓度,提高了该系统的脱氮效果。当进水中碳氮质量比平均为6.84、硝化液回流比为200%,CODCr、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均质量浓度分别为237.02、36.39、22.99和4.98mg/L时,出水CODCr、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均质量浓度分别为34.29、10.70、0.18和0.46mg/L,去除率分别为85.53%、70.60%、99.22%和90.76%。     

改性粉煤灰负载TiO2光催化剂的制备及应用

光催化处理技术具有高处理率、低能耗、工艺设备简单及无二次污染等特点而成为最有前景的新型废水处理技术;作为对环境造成很大危害的固体废弃物粉煤灰,目前我国对其利用率还较低。本文以钛酸丁酯和以0．1moL／L盐酸改性粉煤灰粉为主要原料,制备粉煤灰负载TiO2光催化材料,并以罗丹明B为降解溶液来研究其催化效率。研究结果表明,盐酸浓度为0．1moL／L活化制得的光催化剂,高压汞灯照射下在200mL浓度为10mg／L的罗丹明B溶液中加入该催化剂100mg,降解时间1．5h可以达到98．7％的降解。     

有机硅改性磺酸/羧酸型水性聚氨酯的研究

以聚醚多元醇(N-210)和2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为原料,以自制的磺酸型亲水单体1,2-二羟基-3-丙磺酸钠(DHPA)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为扩链剂,采用氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和氨乙基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷对纯水性聚氨酯(WPU)进行改性,并对有机硅改性WPU胶膜的性能进行了研究。结果表明:WPU分别经两种不同结构的有机硅改性后,其胶膜的力学性能略高于未改性WPU,但耐水性和耐热性则明显高于未改性WPU。