浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收法(CPE-FAAS)测定蜂蜜中痕量锰

研究了以8-羟基喹啉为络合剂,非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100为萃取剂的浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法(CPE-FAAS)测定蜂蜜中痕量Mn(Ⅱ)的方法。研究了pH值,平衡时间,离子强度,萃取剂用量,以及络合剂用量和共存离子干扰等对萃取效果的影响。方法线性范围为100～700 ng/mL,检出限为5.74 ng/mL,相对标准偏差为1.68%(n=11),回收率为97.3%～98.6%。     

固体蜂蜜粉的喷雾干燥加工工艺研究

对固体蜂蜜粉的制备工艺进行研究。考察了芯壁比、固形物含量、进风温度、进料量对固体蜂蜜粉得率的影响,确定最优的制备工艺条件:芯壁质量比0.8∶1,固形物含量50 g/100g,进风温度200℃,进料量50 mL/min。     

基于代谢组学技术的神农百花蜜真实性鉴别

目的 通过非靶向代谢组学鉴定真实神农百花蜜特征标志物,并建立基于偏最小二乘(partial least squares,PLS)的神农百花蜜判别模型。方法 采用基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)的非靶向代谢组学方法分析神农百花蜜样本,利用V+S图、聚类热图和受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线确定真实神农百花蜜特征标志物,利用神农百花蜜特征标志物构建PLS判别模型。结果 多元统计分析结果显示,主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)可以实现真实神农百花蜜和对照组蜂蜜的区分;分别在正、负离子模式下筛选出了19种和27种差异代谢物,其中13...     

刺梨凝固型酸奶的发酵工艺研究

研究了刺梨及蜂蜜制备的凝固型酸奶的发酵工艺,考察刺梨汁添加量、发酵温度、蜂蜜添加量、乳酸菌接种量及发酵时间对刺梨酸奶感官品质的影响。在单因素试验的基础上采用正交试验优化刺梨凝固型酸奶的发酵工艺。结果表明,刺梨凝固型酸奶最佳发酵条件为：刺梨汁添加量30%、蜂蜜添加量10%、乳酸菌接种量0.15%、发酵温度42 ℃和发酵时间9 h。在此条件下,所得刺梨凝固型酸奶感官评分为92.5分,质地均匀、凝结状态良好、口感细腻,且有浓郁的乳香味和刺梨风味。     

Analysis of the flavonoid component of bioactive New Zealand mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey and the isolation,characterisation and synthesis of an unusual pyrrole

The flavonoid components of New Zealand mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey have been quantified in a series of 31 honeys of varying non-peroxide antibacterial activity to clarify discrepancies between previous studies reported in the literature. Total flavonoid content was 1.16 mg/100 g honey. The principal flavonoids present were pinobanksin, pinocembrin, luteolin and chrysin and together these represented 61% of the total flavonoid content. 1, 2-formyl-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-pyrrole, which was weakly correlated with the non-peroxide antibacterial activity, was isolated from the flavonoid fraction and separately synthesised. 1 did not display inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and thus the origin of the correlation, which is still unknown, is not a direct contribution.     

The role of particle size distribution of suspended solids in defining the flow properties of milk chocolate

The flow characteristics of molten milk chocolate, like most dense suspensions, are a function of the maximum packing fraction ((_m) of the suspended solids. Milk chocolates were prepared from mixtures of two relatively narrow coarse (d_4,3 = 17 μm) and fine (d₄,₃ = 8.5 μm) size distributions of non‐fat solids to contain 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the coarse component. Solids bed density (a measure of maximum packing fraction) correlated with the apparent viscosity of milk chocolates (r = ‐0.98). The highest value for solids bed density and lowest value for apparent viscosity were measured for size distributions with 75% of solids from the coarse fraction. Casson yield value correlated with d_4,3 (r = ‐0.98) and specific surface area (r = 0.93). The maximum packing fraction of binary mixtures of two distinct sizes of non‐fat chocolate solids attained a maximum value for a specific volume ratio of the components. The maximum in _m corresponded with the minimum viscosity in molten chocolate at a given solids volume concentration.     

Comparative study of the physicochemical and palynological characteristics of honey from Melipona subnitida and Apis mellifera

Twenty‐four samples of Apis mellifera honey and twenty‐four samples of Melipona subnitida (Jandaira) honey were collected in the northeast of Brazil. Moisture, hydroxymethylfurfural, free acidity, insoluble solids in water, diastase activity, ashes, electrical conductivity, proteins, lipids, total carbohydrates, energy and sugars were the parameters analysed. The efficiency of the qualitative tests (Fiehe's test, Lugol's reaction, Lund's reaction) was tested. Pollen types and the corresponding plant species were identified in all samples (3 in Apis and 1 in Melipona). Apis mellifera honey samples demonstrated parameters in accordance with the Brazilian Legislation, while the Melipona subnitida honey samples displayed moisture (24.80%) and diastase activity (null) in discordance with the established by the regulation for Apis mellifera honeys. Apis honey samples presented higher values of electric conductivity (284.00 μS cm^?1) than the obtained from the Jandaira honey samples (102.77 μS cm^?1) as well as a darker colour (26.67 mmPfund) when compared with Jandaira honey (7.00 mmPfund). The concentration of the glucose, fructose and sucrose was higher in the Apis honeys than in the Jandaira honey. The characteristics of the two types of honey were very different, highlighting the need of developing specific legislation for stingless bees' honey.     

Solid-phase microextraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of insecticides in honey

An approach based on solid-phase microextraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-LC-MS) has been developed for determining 12 insecticides (bromophos ethyl, chlorpyrifos methyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl, diazinon, fenoxycarb, fonofos, phenthoate, phosalone, pirimiphos methyl, profenofos, pyrazophos, and temephos) in honey. The influence of several parameters on the efficiency of the SPME was systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions, the procedure provided excellent linearity (>0.990), detection and quantification limits (between 0.001 and 0.1?µg?g^?1 and between 0.005 and 0.5?µg?g^?1, respectively), and precision (<19% at the quantification limits and from 6 to 14% at ten times higher concentrations). However, recoveries were not so good, ranging from 19 to 92%. Honey samples were found that were contaminated with bromophos ethyl, diazinon, fonofos, pirimiphos ethyl, pyrazophos, and temephos at estimated concentrations from 6.2?±?1.2 to 19?±?3?ng?g^?1.