烯基琥珀酸淀粉在微胶囊壁材中的应用

介绍了烯基琥珀酸淀粉作为微胶囊壁材应用的原理,方法及其产品的性能,分析了它在我国实施产业化存在的问题,并提出今后的发展前景。     

阻燃剂2,3-二溴丁二酸二(2,3-二溴丙)酯的合成及应用

以2,3-二溴丙醇、顺丁烯二酸酐和溴为原料,合成了添加型阻燃剂2,3-二溴丁二酸二(2,3-二溴丙)酯。考察了物料摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度对酯产率的影响。结果表明,在二溴丙醇与顺酐摩尔比2．4：1、反应时间8h条件下,丁烯二酸二酯中间产品产率为70％;在溴素与中间产品摩尔比1．3：1、温度55～60℃、时间6h条件下,最终产品2,3-二溴丁二酸二(2,3-二溴丙)酯产率达90％以上。对中间产品和最终产品结构进行了红外光谱表征。将合成的阻燃剂用于环氧树脂,当用量为20％时,环氧树脂氧指数由19．5％提高到25．5％,再与10％Sb2O3复配使用时,氧指数达28．5％,说明合成阻燃剂与Sb2O3的协同性好。     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯调控丝素蛋白超细纤维膜形貌及其力学性能

为了改善静电纺再生丝素蛋白(SF)纤维膜的力学性能,通过静电纺丝技术制备丝素蛋白(SF)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)复合超细纤维膜。通过对用甲醇处理后的具有不同共混比例的超细纤维膜进行FE-SEM、FTIR、XRD和DSC观察测试,分析比较了不同共混比例的复合超细纤维膜的形貌、结构,并进行力学性能测试。结果表明:随着聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混质量比的增加,复合超细纤维的平均直径从289 nm增大到425 nm;复合超细纤维的结晶性能随之提高;复合超细纤维膜的拉伸破坏应力先减小后增大,拉伸破坏应变逐渐增加;当共混质量比为50/50时,复合超细纤维膜表现出良好的力学性能,拉伸破坏应力接近于16 MPa,破坏应变达到50%。聚丁二酸丁二醇酯可有效调控丝素蛋白超细纤维膜的形貌、结构和力学性能。     

Poly(butylene succinate)/poly(vinyl phenol) blends. Part 1. Miscibility and crystallization

Miscibility has been investigated in blends of poly(butylene succinate) (PBSU) and poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh) by differential scanning calorimetry in this work. PBSU is miscible with PVPh as shown by the existence of single composition dependent glass transition temperature over the entire composition range. In addition, the polymer–polymer interaction parameter, obtained from the melting depression of PBSU using the Nishi–Wang equation, is composition dependent, and its value is always negative. This indicates that PBSU/PVPh blends are thermodynamically miscible in the melt. Preliminary morphology study of PBSU/PVPh blends was also studied by optical microscopy (OM). OM experiments show the spherulites of PBSU become larger with the PVPh content, indicative of a decrease in the nucleation density, and the coarseness of PBSU spherulites increases too with increasing the PVPh content in the blends.     

DSC and TMDSC study of melting behaviour of poly(butylene succinate) and poly(ethylene succinate)

The subsequent melting behaviour of poly(butylene succinate) (PBSU) and poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) was investigated using DSC and temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) after they finished nonisothermal crystallization from the melt. PBSU exhibited two melting endotherms in the DSC traces upon heating to the melt, which was ascribed to the melting and recrystallization mechanism. However, one melting endotherm with one shoulder and one crystallization exotherm just prior to the melting endotherm were found for PES. The crystallization exotherm was ascribed to the recrystallization of the melt of the crystallites with low thermal stability, and the shoulder was considered to be the melting endotherm of the crystallites with high thermal stability. The final melting endotherm was ascribed to the melting of the crystallites formed through the reorganization of the crystallites with high thermal stability during the DSC heating process. TMDSC experiments gave the direct evidences to support the proposed models to explain the melting behaviour of PBSU and PES crystallized nonisothermally from the melt.     

琥珀酸酯磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成和性能研究

从顺丁烯二酸酐衍生物表面活性剂出发,合成了琥珀酸酯磺酸盐这一类型具有多个亲水、亲油基团的新型表面活性剂;分别对合成的几个系列的多种醇类对应酯的琥珀酸酯磺酸盐表面活性剂在起泡、表面张力等方面的性能进行了测试和分析。     

Effects of polymer concentration and zone drawing on the structure and properties of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) film

To produce various biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) films for particular use, the effects of initial polymer concentration and zone drawing on the structure, physical properties, and hydrolytic degradation of PBS film were investigated. PBS films were prepared from chloroform solutions with different initial concentrations of 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 g/dl. In order to investigate the drawing behavior of the PBS films with different solution concentrations, the films were drawn under various zone drawing conditions. Through a series of experiments, it turned out that the initial concentration of PBS solution in chloroform caused significant changes in the draw ratio of the PBS film. That is, the zone draw ratios of the film at initial concentration of 14 g/dl exhibited its maximum values and gradually decreased at higher or lower concentrations. Thus, it was concluded that the initial concentration of 14 g/dl is the optimum polymer concentration to produce maximum draw ratio in this work. In addition, the crystal and amorphous orientations and tensile properties of PBS film having similar draw ratio and similar crystallinity were highest at 14 g/dl and surface crystal morphologies of these films were absolutely different. The hydrolytic degradation rate of the film at 14 g/dl was lowest, but with similar draw ratio, film dimension, and crystallinity, indicating that the degradation behaviors were greatly affected by the initial polymer concentration, orientation, and crystal morphology.     

扩链PBS的微孔发泡行为研究

以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)为基体,加入不同含量的扩链剂,通过熔融共混法制备扩链PBS样品.随后以超临界CO2作为物理发泡剂,通过釜压发泡法在87℃下对PBS进行物理发泡.结果表明,随着扩链剂含量的增加,PBS的结晶温度先升高后略微下降,结晶度略微提高,黏弹性改善;随着扩链剂含量的增加,泡孔尺寸和发泡倍率逐渐减小,泡孔...     

酵母脂肪酶酶促合成虾青素琥珀酸酯及优化

研究了酵母脂肪酶在有机溶剂中以琥珀酸酐为酰化试剂酯化合成虾青素琥珀酸酯。液相色谱质谱联用检测表明,酯化产物中既有虾青素单酯也有虾青素二酯。对酶促反应脂肪酶、反应介质、反应底物摩尔比、反应温度等酯化影响因素进行了详细探讨和优化。在所选的几种脂肪酶中,假丝酵母脂肪酶(Candida sp.)的催化活性最好,二甲基亚砜为适宜的反应溶剂,最佳反应温度为45℃。底物摩尔比是决定反应能否进行的关键因素,底物摩尔比为40以上,反应才能进行,摩尔比达到800时,虾青素转化率达到90%以上。底物摩尔比还显著影响产物中单酯和二酯分布,高摩尔比下二酯才能产生。对体系初始含水量和酶量的影响进行了优化。实验结果表明酶法合成虾青素琥珀酸酯具有很好的可行性。     

乙二胺四乙酸和聚环氧琥珀酸对污泥中铅的萃取研究

以某公司废水处理池中的污泥为研究材料,分别以乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)和聚环氧琥珀酸(PE-SA)作为萃取剂,研究了它们在不同pH、萃取剂浓度、搅拌时间下Pb的萃取率。实验结果表明,在最佳的实验条件下,EDTA对Pb萃取率为83.32%;而PESA对Pb萃取率达到92.36%。PESA不含有氮、磷,不会引起水体富营养化,是环境友好的水溶性聚合物。