混合菌种发酵酸马乳的降血脂功能研究

为研究混合菌种发酵酸马乳的降血脂作用,采用混合菌种发酵酸马乳对小鼠进行实验,研究其对高脂模型小鼠体重、血脂水平、脏器指数和动脉硬化（AI）指数的影响。结果表明,混合菌种发酵酸马乳中、高剂量能够显著降低高血脂症小鼠TC、TG、LDL-C、AI水平（p<0.05）,显著升高HLD-C水平（p<0.05）,并且能降低小鼠体重和肝脏指数,说明混合菌种发酵酸马乳对实验性高脂血症小鼠具有降低血脂的作用,对高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化具有一定的预防作用。      

羊栖菜多糖对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

研究羊栖菜多糖对小鼠的抗疲劳作用,对于开发利用羊栖菜资源具有重要意义。通过对小鼠灌胃不同剂量的羊栖菜多糖(50、150mg/mL·d),经15d后测定小鼠体重、负重游泳力竭时间、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、肝糖原、肌乳酸及血清尿素的含量,研究羊栖菜多糖抗疲劳作用机理。结果表明,羊栖菜多糖对小鼠体重增长无明显影响(p>0.05),但能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间(p<0.01),增强小鼠血清SOD活性(p<0.01),提高肝糖原含量(p<0.01),降低血清MDA(p<0.05)、肌乳酸(p<0.01、0.05)及血清尿素(p<0.01)的含量。说明羊栖菜多糖具有抗疲劳的作用。      

不同发酵天数的芝芪菌质对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

为筛选较佳的芝芪菌质发酵时间,本实验通过小鼠碳粒廓清实验,鸡红细胞吞噬功能实验,小鼠血清溶血素、Ig M和Ig G的含量检测,以及小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖实验,考察了不同发酵天数的芝芪菌质对免疫抑制小鼠非特异性和特异性免疫功能的影响。结果表明:发酵25、30 d的芝芪菌质具有显著的免疫增强功效(p<0.05,0.01;0.05),提示可有效增强免疫功能低下人群的机体免疫力。      

A Novel Mouse Model of TGFβ2-Induced Ocular Hypertension Using Lentiviral Gene Delivery

Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease leading to irreversible blindness. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form and is associated with the elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Reduced aqueous humor (AH) outflow due to trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction is responsible for IOP elevation in POAG. Extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, actin cytoskeletal reorganization, and stiffening of the TM are associated with increased outflow resistance. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β2, a profibrotic cytokine, is known to play an important role in the development of ocular hypertension (OHT) in POAG. An appropriate mouse model is critical in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of TGFβ2-induced OHT. To achieve this, TM can be targeted with recombinant viral vectors to express a gene of interest. Lentiviruses (LV) are known for their tropism towards TM with stable transgene expression and low immunogenicity. We, therefore, developed a novel mouse model of IOP elevation using LV gene transfer of active human TGFβ2 in the TM. We developed an LV vector-encoding active hTGFβ2^C226,228S under the control of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Adult C57BL/6J mice were injected intravitreally with LV expressing null or hTGFβ2^C226,228S. We observed a significant increase in IOP 3 weeks post-injection compared to control eyes with an average delta change of 3.3 mmHg. IOP stayed elevated up to 7 weeks post-injection, which correlated with a significant drop in the AH outflow facility (40.36%). Increased expression of active TGFβ2 was observed in both AH and anterior segment samples of injected mice. The morphological assessment of the mouse TM region via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and direct ophthalmoscopy examination revealed no visible signs of inflammation or other ocular abnormalities in the injected eyes. Furthermore, transduction of primary human TM cells with LV_hTGFβ2^C226,228S exhibited alterations in actin cytoskeleton structures, including the formation of F-actin stress fibers and crossed-linked actin networks (CLANs), which are signature arrangements of actin cytoskeleton observed in the stiffer fibrotic-like TM. Our study demonstrated a mouse model of sustained IOP elevation via lentiviral gene delivery of active hTGFβ2^C226,228S that induces TM dysfunction and outflow resistance.     

油茶皂素毒性研究（Ⅲ）——油茶皂素对昆明种小鼠的致突变试验

报道了用乙醇法从油茶饼粕中提取的油茶皂素干粉（其含量＞８５％），对昆明种小鼠进行了致突变试验。经常规Ａｍｅｓ试验、骨髓ＰＣＥ微核试验和精子畸形试验，其研究结果三项试验均为阴性，可初步确认油茶皂素无致突变作用。     

N-乙酰-半胱氨酸干预壬基酚对小鼠Sertoli TM4细胞的损伤作用

目的：研究N-乙酰-半胱氨酸（N-acetyl-cysteine,NAC）对壬基酚（nonylphenol,NP）诱导的小鼠Sertoli TM4细胞氧化损伤及凋亡的干预作用。方法：以Sertoli TM4细胞为对象,实验分为对照组、NP组（20 μmol/L NP处理）、NP＋NAC组（5 mmol/L NAC预处理4 h后20 μmol/L NP处理24 h）、NAC组（5 mmol/L NAC处理4 h后换正常培养基培养）,采用噻唑蓝法检测细胞存活率;流式细胞术检测活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）含量和细胞凋亡情况;试剂盒法检测超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活力、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）活力、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量及Caspase-3相对活力;Western blot法检测细胞外信号调节激酶（extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK）和c-Jun氨基末端激酶（c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK）磷酸化情况。结果：与对照组相比,20 μmol/L NP处理24 h能显著降低细胞存活率（P＜0.05）,同时诱导细胞内ROS生成,下调SOD和CAT活力,增加MDA含量,诱导Sertoli TM4细胞凋亡,增加Caspase-3相对活力,促进ERK、JNK蛋白磷酸化激活;与NP组相比,NAC预处理能够明显削弱NP引起的细胞内ROS生成,使SOD、CAT活力下调,MDA含量增加,Sertoli TM4细胞凋亡,Caspase-3相对活力增强,激活ERK、JNK信号通路。结论：NAC具有干预NP对小鼠Sertoli TM4细胞损伤的作用,这可能与NAC抑制NP诱导的细胞氧化应激和凋亡以及阻断ERK、JNK信号通路的激活相关。     

活性乳酸菌乳饮品对免疫调节功能的影响

为探讨活性乳酸菌乳饮品对小鼠免疫系统功能的影响,将该饮品按 6.67 ～ 26.66ml/kg BW( 2.5 倍浓缩液)剂量给小鼠灌胃 30 天后,分别检测脾淋巴细胞增殖转化功能( MTT 法),迟发型变态反应性,血清溶血素滴度,碳廓清能力及自然杀伤细胞( NK )杀伤活性.结果表明该乳饮品可明显提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖转化能力,溶血素血清滴度有统计学意义的增加,变态反应性增强,碳廓清能力增强.而 NK 细胞杀伤活性增加不明显,各组间无统计学意义的差异.提示该活性乳酸菌乳饮品具有增强机体免疫功能的作用.     

Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracted saponins and flavonols from germinated black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Flavonoids and saponins from common beans have been widely studied due to their bioactivity. This research evaluated the effect of germination of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on the antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines of saponins and flavonoids extracted from seed coats, cotyledons and sprouts. Principal component analysis was performed to achieve punctual associations between the black bean saponins and flavonoids concentrations to the antioxidant capacity and the antiproliferative activities. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts were higher when obtained from seed coats, mainly from the 3rd germination day. The extracts obtained from seed coats after 3 and 5 germination days inhibited all cancer cell lines proliferation with no cytotoxicity against control cells. Genistein was related with the activity against mammary cancer cells but flavonols and group B saponins were more related with hepatic and colon cancers. Non-glycosilated flavonols were related with antioxidant capacity.     

摄食壳聚糖对小鼠体内铅水平的影响

采用壳聚糖含量为1.05% 的饲料喂食小鼠90d,喂食的四种壳聚糖分别是高分子量壳聚糖(HCS)(重平均分子量Mw7.60 × 105,脱乙酰度(DDA) 85.5%、中分子量壳聚糖(MCS)(Mw3.27 × 104,DDA85.2%)、壳寡糖(COS)(Mw0.99 × 103,DDA 85.7%)和水溶性壳聚糖(WSC)(Mw3.91 × 104, DDA52.6%)。喂养期间,小鼠无非正常症状和死亡发生。实验结果表明,喂食HCS 对小鼠的肝、脾、心脏和肾脏中的铅含量几乎无影响,COS 和WSC使小鼠的肝、脾和心脏中的铅含量有所降低。但是,MCS 却明显增加了肝脏中铅含量。     

叶黄素对母鼠乳腺分泌IgA的促进作用

为明确叶黄素对母鼠乳腺分泌IgA能力的影响,本实验对妊娠母鼠添加饲喂叶黄素,检测母鼠血清中IgG、IgA和IgM含量变化,母鼠乳腺组织中IgA mRNA表达量和IgA抗体分泌细胞数量变化,以及仔鼠胃内容物中IgA浓度变化。结果表明：在妊娠21 d和分娩后7 d时,实验组血清中IgG和IgA浓度显著高于正常对照组（P＜0.05）,IgM含量虽有升高,与正常对照组相比,无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;乳腺组织中IgA mRNA表达量无显著变化（P＞0.05）;分娩后14 d IgA抗体分泌细胞数量显著增加（P＜0.05）;仔鼠胃内容物中IgA含量极显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）。说明给妊娠母鼠添加饲喂叶黄素可以增强乳腺分泌IgA的能力。