Heat Transfer at Mixed Convection in Vertical and Inclined Flat Channels of the Vacuum Chamber of the ITER International Thermonuclear Reactor

The results are given of the experimental investigation of the intensity of heat transfer from flat surfaces of a model of the vacuum chamber channel of the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), inclined to the horizontal at an angle of (5–90)@deg, with different heights (12–50) mm, heated length (1.02 and 2.48) m of the model and low velocities of water flow (0.0067–0.17) m/s that are characterized by the values of Re = 560-17 900. The specific heat flux on the heat-transfer surfaces is q = (1.3–24.4) kW/m². The treated range of parameters is characterized by the interaction of forced and natural convection with a significant temperature stratification of the flow in inclined channels. Closing relations are suggested on the basis of the experimental results.     

超快速冷却装置及其在新品种开发中的应用

介绍了一种国外新近开发成功的板带钢超快速冷却装置(UFC)，该装置用带有压力的水从密布的小孔中喷向轧件表面，用于热轧带钢其冷却速度可达300C／s以上，其实现超快速冷却的机理主要是能够大面积的击破冷却水与轧件间的汽膜。介绍了UFC在生产线上布置的几种方式和典型应用例。对应用UFC开发超级钢、IF钢铁素体区热轧，双相钢、TRIR钢等高附加值产品作了介绍。     

Reduction of defects and improvement in the performance of blue phosphor for thick‐dielectric electroluminescent displays using Color‐by‐Blue

Abstract— Defect‐free large‐area inorganic thick‐dielectric EL (TDEL) displays using Color by Blue (CBB) technology have been successfully developed. We have achieved the world's highest blue‐phosphor luminance of 900 cd/m² for a single‐pixel device by using CBB and by optimizing the e‐beam gun configuration and the flow rate of H₂S in the vacuum chamber. By analyzing the defects on panels with triple‐pattern phosphors and CBB panels, we also found that the number of defects on CBB panels can be drastically reduced compared with those on triple‐pattern panels. The defect‐free 17‐in. VGA CBB panels show better characteristics, a high peak luminance of 600 cd/m² and a high contrast ratio of 1000:1, compared with those of triple‐pattern panels.     

扁平绕带容器轴向与环向强度试验研究

扁平绕带容器是我国首创的具有良好发展前景的一种高压容器。本文进行了扁平绕带容器轴向强度试验研究，根据钢带层间摩擦力，导出了与实测值相当吻合，计算简便，易于工程应用的轴向，环向爆破压力计算公式。并从理论上阐明了现有几种环向爆破压力公式之间的内在联系，为实现轴向，环向等强度设计提供了理论依据。     

ISTA 3A：2008标准解读

ISTA（国际安全运输协会）是一个致力于包装测试技术研究及相关标准制订的组织。ISTA目前已颁布ISTA 1系至7系的标准，在业界得到广泛应用，其中ISTA 3A：2008是应用最多的标准之一。ISTA标准的设计，基于丰富的经验和大量的测试数据，具有很强的实用性和针对性，并且根据实际情况的变化而不断完善。本文根据实际应用中的一些体会和ISTA组织的解释，对该标准进行了较详细的解读。文章概述了现行国家包装类标准和ISTA标准的区别，分析了ISTA 3A标准的试验应力和试验装置，阐述了各类型包装件角、棱、面的标识方法，并将各试验项目模块化，再以模块组合的形式，归纳出各类型包装件的测试程式。     

Calculation of Heat Transfer Coefficients on a Flat Plate by Pseudo Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulence

Pseudo direct numerical simulation applying the finite difference method is performed on a fully-developed turbulent flow through parallel flat walls heated by uniform flux. The study is aimed at examining the influence brought to the turbulent field calculation by differences in the level of spatial resolution obtainable in the streamwise and spanwise directions. All in all, satisfactory results are obtained for the mean profiles and second-order moments of velocity and temperature, as well as on the Nusselt number of various flows presenting-various Prandtl numbers. Differences in the level of spatial resolution prove to affect little the accuracy of calculated results.     

分区循环堆载预压在滩涂地基处理的应用研究

以某大型钢铁厂新近围圈一滩涂地基处理为例,根据场地的地质特征、土方资源分布及项目规划情况,提出了三种地基处理方案,通过比选,选取了分区循环堆载预压处理方案,经监测检验,说明采用该地基处理方法效果较好,为其他类似工程提供了参考依据。     

Simulation and experimental investigation of two hybrid solar domestic water heaters with drain water heat recovery

In this paper, the performance of two solar domestic hot waters (SDHW) with drain water heat recovery (DWHR) units is investigated. Both SDHW systems are recently installed at the Archetype Sustainable Twin Houses at Kortright Center, Vaughan, Ontario. The first SDWH system in House A consists of a flat plate solar thermal collector in combination with a gas boiler and a DWHR unit. The second SDHW system in House B includes an evacuated tube solar collector, an electric tank, and a DWHR unit. Both systems are modeled in TRNSYS, and the models are validated by experimental data. The addition of the DWHR and the flat‐plate solar thermal collector would result in 1831 kWh of annual energy saving in House A. While the addition of the DWHR and the evacuated tube collector in House B would result in an annual energy saving of 1771 kWh. Subsequently, the models are used to investigate the performance of similar systems for five major Canadian cities of Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Edmonton, and Vancouver. The conjunctions of solar thermal collectors with DWHR units are found most beneficial in Edmonton. It is also noted from experimental and simulated results that flat‐plate solar collector‐based water heater produced more thermal energy than the system based on the evacuated tube solar collector for all major Canadian cities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A course on thin‐film transistor circuit design for modern displays

A new subject‐specific course on thin‐film transistor (TFT) circuit design is introduced, covering related knowledge of display technologies, TFT device physics, processing, characterization, modeling and circuit design. A design project is required for students to deepen the understanding even more and get hands‐on design experience. This course can be an intense 1‐week course to offer a full training of design engineers in an organized way to meet the ever‐increasing needs in display industry for TFT circuit design specialists. It can also be organized in one semester for electrical engineering Master's and Ph.D. students.     

Physicochemical characterization of alkali pretreated sugarcane tops and optimization of enzymatic saccharification using response surface methodology

Alkali pretreatment of sugarcane tops was carried out with 3% NaOH for 60 min at 121 °C in a laboratory autoclave. The effect of solid loading, enzyme loading, incubation time and surfactant concentration on enzymatic saccharification was studied using a response surface method according to Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions 77.5% sugar was recovered from the pretreated biomass. This yield was seven times higher than that obtained with untreated sugarcane tops. A substantial amount of lignin (90%) was removed by this pretreatment method. Physicochemical characterization of native and alkali pretreated sugarcane tops were carried out by XRD, FTIR and SEM and the changes in the chemical composition were also monitored. The X-ray diffraction profile showed that the degree of crystallinity was higher for alkali pretreated biomass than that for native.