不同贮藏温度对草莓呼吸强度及品质的影响

本文研究了不同贮藏温度(0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃)对草莓呼吸强度、感官评价、失重率、硬度、相对电导率、糖酸比、维生素C和色差的影响。研究表明:贮藏温度越高,草莓呼吸越旺盛,货架寿命越短,草莓30℃条件下的呼吸强度是0℃条件下的13.97倍;草莓在0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃条件下贮藏的商品寿命分别为9 d、7 d、6 d、5 d、3d、2 d、8 h。随着贮藏温度的升高,草莓的失重率、相对电导率和呼吸强度迅速升高,而草莓的感官评价、硬度、糖酸比、维生素C含量、L*、hue值逐渐降低;贮藏在0℃的草莓品质保持最好,贮藏9 d后的感官评价、失重率、硬度、相对电导率、糖酸比、Vc含量、L*和hue值分别为5.4、3.18%、11.13 N、39.05%、12.48、22.01 mg/100 g、37.84、32.81。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定菠菜、苹果及大豆中二硝基苯胺类除草剂残留量

以菠菜、苹果和大豆为代表性分析物,建立了超高效液相色谱 串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）检测蔬菜、水果及粮谷等植物源性食品中8种二硝基苯胺类除草剂（氟乐灵、二甲戊乐灵、仲丁灵、异乐灵、磺乐灵、氨基乙氟灵、氨磺乐灵和氨基丙氟灵）的残留量。采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测（MRM）模式检测,并使用外标法定量。结果表明：8种二硝基苯胺类除草剂的测定低限均为10 μg/kg;在添加水平10~200 μg/kg范围内,加标回收率为70.0%～120%,相对标准偏差为0.56%～23.0%。该方法灵敏、有效,适用于蔬菜、水果和粮谷等植物源性食品中二硝基苯胺类除草剂多残留的测定。     

果蔬中常见有机磷和有机氯农药残留量分析

随着社会的发展和科技的进步,人们越来越关注自身的生活质量和食品健康。近几年农作物农药的过度使用问题引起了各界的关注,虽然有些剧毒农药被相关部门禁止使用,但是人们食用的果蔬中的农药残留量的多少成为了关注的焦点。本文使用电子俘获检测器和火焰光度检测器对几种常见的但是已经被禁用的几种农药进行有机氯和有机磷的气相色谱分析,以求得到抽测果蔬中相关的农药残留信息,以检测这几种被禁止使用的农药是否有违规使用的现象。     

A simple preparative method for isolation and purification of polysaccharides from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves

An effective method for preparative extraction and purification of the polysaccharides from mulberry leaves was studied. Orthogonal experiment was carried out to get the optimal conditions (T = 70 °C, pH = 6, t = 60 min, D = 0.4 g g^?1 material) of activated carbon decolorisation. The staged, isocratic and multiple ethanol precipitation procedures were also investigated. Through the activated carbon decolorisation and 20% ethanol precipitation procedure, the polysaccharides yield reached 2.91%, and the content of neutral sugar and uronic acid were improved to 21.87% and 57.43% respectively. This process was superior to the macroporous resin adsorption and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) methods. The structure analysis indicated that the purified mulberry leaves polysaccharide (MLP) was composed of Man, GalA and Rha in the ratio of 1.0:7.2:20.0. The molecular weight measured using GPC was approximately 557 062 D. The IR and ¹H NMR spectra indicated that the MLP was mainly pectin, which was classified as high‐methoxyl pectin.     

Equilibrium Sorption Isotherms and Isosteric Heat of Rose Hip Fruits (Rosa Eglanteria)

For sorptional data to be useful in simulation and design purposes, they must be represented by equations valid in the conditions usually found in industrial practice. In this regard sorptional models that include the influence of temperature on desorption and sorption equilibrium values are most valuable. In this article, water desorption and sorption isotherms of rose hip fruits (Rosa Eglanteria) were experimentally determined by the gravimetric method, and from these the isosteric heat of sorption was calculated. According to the ANOVA test carried out for this fruits, no significant differences were found between experimental desorption and adsorption isotherms. Seven models were tested to mathematically represent the moisture content as a function of water activity (a_w) in the a_w range of 0.11 to 0.85 and temperatures of 20, 40, and 60°C, for further use in process simulation.

The five-parameter GAB model was most accurate, with an MRE of ?2,9 % and R²?=?0.989. The values obtained for the isosteric heat of sorption were fitted with a previous published equation, with an MRE%?=??0.05. The isosteric heat of sorption derived from the GAB five parameters equation, for the corresponding monolayer moisture content, only differed by 1.25% with the calculated in this paper.     

气调贮藏果蔬品质的影响因素分析

从果蔬的营养成分、硬度和呼吸作用等指标对果蔬的品质进行了分析;介绍了当今贮藏效果最佳的气调贮藏技术,它通过调节环境的气体成分使得果蔬的呼吸作用减弱,以降低营养成分的消耗,保持果蔬的营养价值和新鲜品质;研究发现,贮藏条件对果蔬品质的影响很大,保证果蔬品质的良好必须有适宜的贮藏条件,贮藏过程中影响果蔬品质的因素有温湿度、空气流速、气体成分、包装和运输等;最后分析了在不同温度、不同时间的贮藏条件下,几种果蔬品质的变化.     

水果中维生素C含量的测定及比较

维生素C是评价水果产品质量的重要客观参数之一。提取了4种水果中的维生素C，并利用2，6-二氯酚靛酚钠（Cl2H6O2NCl2Na）法对其含量进行了测定。结果表明：该测定方法快速、简便、准确，所选4种水果的Vc含量接近标准；柑桔、香蕉、西瓜和葡萄4种水果中Vc的含量依次减少。     

Electronic sensor for the determination of fruit and vegetable respiration

An instrument to measure the respiration rate of whole fruits and vegetables was designed and developed using a pressure variation method. The Motorola MPX-10-DP pressure transducer was used to monitor pressure changes due to respiratory activity. The operating procedures and calculations required to determine respiration rate (RR) in terms of CO₂ produced, RR-CO₂, and O₂ consumed, RR-O₂, with the respirometer were simple. The values of RR-CO₂ and RR-O₂ obtained by the pressure variation method were compared to changes in CO₂ and O₂ concentrations as determined by gas chromatography. The results showed no significant difference (0.05 level) between the two methods.     

Impact of Diet on Breast Cancer Risk: A Review of Experimental and Observational Studies

Breast cancer, which presents the highest global incidence of all female cancers, is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Among the latter, diet has attracted considerable attention, as it is a modifiable risk factor and thus offers an opportunity to design preventive strategies. Nevertheless, only alcohol consumption has been unequivocally related to increased breast cancer risk. Despite the failure of observational studies in human populations to clearly define the nature of the relationship between specific nutrient exposures and breast cancer risk, in vivo and in vitro studies strongly suggest its existence. Moreover, studies at the molecular level have identified the putative action mechanism by which the nutritional constituents of specific foodstuffs may exert protective or enhancing effects with respect to breast cancer risk. The inadequate experimental design of some observational studies, or the occurrence of measurement errors and/or recall bias during data collection, or insufficient follow-up and subject characterization, may underlie these controversies. By improving the methods used to study the relationship between diet and breast cancer risk, and by applying new technologies linked to novel approaches such as “nutrigenomics,” it might be possible to derive effective recommendations for breast cancer prevention and thus improve anti-cancer treatment.