桑皮纤维的结构和性能研究

利用SEM，WAXD，DSC等方法研究天然桑皮纤维的形态结构、结晶结构和热性能。研究结果表明，桑皮纤维表面分布有0．5～1μm微纤维，纤维截面为三角形和椭圆形。纤维结晶度为30％～50％，分解温度为310℃，玻璃化温度为77．8℃。     

The antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of extract and fractions from corn silk (Zea mays L.) and related flavone glycosides

This study was designed to evaluate both the antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of extract and fractions from corn silk. N-butanol fraction (BF) demonstrated the highest total phenolic content (164.1 ± 9.7 μg GAE/g DCS) and total flavonoids content (69.4 ± 5.1 μg RE/g DCS), accompanied with the highest antioxidant activity compared to other fractions through all antioxidant assays. Two flavone glycosides showing potent antioxidant activity were isolated from BF and identified, by comparing spectral data (UV, FAB-MS and NMR) with literature values, to be isoorientin-2″-O-α-l-rhamnoside and 3′-methoxymaysin. The two isolated flavone glycosides, particularly isoorientin-2″-O-α-l-rhamnoside, demonstrated significant total antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron-chelating capacity, with EC₅₀ values of 14.24 ± 1.49, 22.69 ± 2.33, 6.58 ± 1.07 and 30.25 ± 3.05 μg/ml, respectively. Results obtained indicated that corn silk extracts can be used potentially as a ready accessible and valuable bioactive source of natural antioxidants.     

Impact of maceration time on colour‐related phenolics,sensory characteristics and volatile composition of mulberry wine

This study investigated the effect of maceration treatment on colour‐related phenolics, sensory characteristics and volatile composition in mulberry wine. Pre‐fermentation maceration was performed for 2 days (‘short’), 6 days (‘medium’) and 8 days (‘long’), respectively, followed by the same fermentation process. Results showed that the long maceration (LM) caused higher level of anthocyanins in wine, especially cyaniding‐3‐O‐rutinoside, cyaniding‐3‐O‐glucoside and dephinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, whereas the short maceration caused lower level of phenolic acids in wine. The medium maceration (MM) wine showed the highest level of flavonols but the lowest concentration of flavan‐3‐ol. The LM wine exhibited greater red tone and colour intensity accompanied by higher amounts of free and copigmented anthocyanins. The LM wine showed lower levels of alcohols, acids, terpenoids, benzenes and sulphur compounds, whereas the lowest level of esters was found in the MM wine. The LM wine had reduced fruity and floral aroma and overall flavour complexity compared with the other wines. Copyright © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

即食海蜇丝生产新工艺

在海蛰丝加工过程中采用臭氧水杀菌工艺，克服了传统杀菌工艺的缺点和不足，为海蛰产品深加工提供了新的杀菌方法。     

桑椹汁保健泡腾冲剂的研制

以桑椹汁和桑叶为主要原料,添加白砂糖、柠檬酸、香精、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐等辅料,经调配、过滤、浓缩、干燥、灭菌、包装等工序加工而成的桑椹汁保健泡腾冲剂,其色泽美观、口感较好、风味独特、溶解和泡腾性好,是具有较强保健作用的产品。     

在位还原纳米银对桑蚕丝织物结构的影响

根据在位还原的原理,用汽蒸生成纳米银整理桑蚕丝织物,赋予真丝优异的抗菌性能.研究了不同浓度的AgNO3溶液与2 g/L的多氨基化合物(RSD)混合整理后,桑蚕丝织物的表面形态和结构变化,并用电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热性能分析(TG)等手段进行了表征.结果表明:经纳米银整理后真丝织物表面吸附大量的银颗粒,且颗粒分布比较均匀、粒径均达到了纳米级;汽蒸纳米银整理工艺对真丝的结构影响较小.     

蚕丝蛋白对魔芋葡甘聚糖结构与溶胶性能的影响

本文研究了蚕丝蛋白对魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)结构与溶胶性质的影响。通过溶胀平衡的数学分析方法,计算出偏摩尔自由能的变化,从而预测溶胀平衡参数。与此同时,利用红外光谱、扫描电镜和流变技术,分析了蚕丝蛋白-KGM复配体系的结构特征和流变性质。结果表明:蚕丝蛋白对KGM结构与溶胶性质有显著影响。随着蚕丝蛋白组分比例的增加,KGM分子内的氢键破坏程度增加,其凝胶的粘度及弹性模量下降,凝胶稳定性降低。     

番茄、桑椹复合果汁饮料的研制

以番茄和桑椹为主要原料,加以苹果酸、柠檬酸、蜂蜜、蔗糖等辅料,经加工制成对人体有保键作用的复合型果汁饮料。阐述了番茄、桑椹复合果汁饮料的生产工艺、配方和技术要点。通过正交试验及方差分析得出该饮料的最佳配方为：番茄和桑椹原浆配比3∶1、蔗糖6g/100ml、柠檬酸0.15g/100ml、蜂蜜8g/100ml、苹果酸0.10g/100ml;通过另一组正交试验和方差分析确定该饮料的最适稳定剂配方为：果胶0.25g/100ml、CMC-Na0.10g/100ml、海藻胶0.15g/100ml。     

玉米须总皂苷的微波辅助提取及抑菌活性研究

玉米须(Corn silk)是禾本科玉蜀属植物玉米的花柱和柱头,含有多糖类、黄酮类、皂苷类等多种活性成分。以玉米须为实验材料,总皂苷含量为考察指标,对玉米须总皂苷的微波辅助提取工艺进行了探讨,并对总皂苷提取物的抑菌活性进行了研究。在乙醇浓度、微波功率、微波时间、液料比等单因素试验的基础上,通过L9(34)正交试验,确定总皂苷微波辅助提取的最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度70%、微波功率500W、微波时间60s、液料比40∶1。在上述条件下,总皂苷含量达2.905g/100g。微波辅助提取玉米须总皂苷的提取时间短,提取效率较高。玉米须总皂苷提取物对供试菌株均有不同程度抑制作用;其中,对沙门氏菌的抑制能力最强,其次为枯草杆菌、变形杆菌,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最差。     

聚乙烯醇载入丝素的棉织物整理及生物降解性研究

将不同浓度丝素(SF)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)配制的共混溶液涂层于棉坯布上,再经烘焙、微波、超声波固定处理,研究了整理织物的土埋生物降解性和力学性能。结果表明:用SF和PVA涂层的棉织物的断裂强力和断裂伸长率都得到改善,同时涂层织物具有良好的生物降解性;微波固定处理后织物的降解程度大于超声波处理织物的降解性,烘焙处理织物的降解相对最小;整理液中丝素含量越高,涂层织物生物降解性越好。经过丝素/聚乙烯醇整理过的棉织物具有生物降解性和安全性,力学性能得到改善,具有较好的应用潜力。