火腿白芸豆软罐头的研制

火腿是云南的名特产品,为了丰富火腿系列产品的品种,扩大火腿系列产品的市场,研究了以云南火腿为原料的火腿白芸豆软罐头的生产工艺及配料。采用复合薄膜软包装生产的火腿白芸豆软罐头,能直观地感受到内容物的色泽和形态,有利于消费者选择和购买,适合旅游和家宴,携带方便。本实验通过大量对比和精心的筛选,其中包括对白芸豆的添加量的确定,以及对影响风味的关键因子采用正交设计,对产品风味参数进行评定,通过正交试验成功地研制出风味独特,营养全面,色香味俱全的火腿白芸豆软罐头的工艺配方和加工工艺,并对产品进行了感官检验和各项理化指标的检验,结果为产品的各项指标都符合国家标准,本实验产品一旦投入生产将会对发展云南火腿产业起到很大的推动作用。     

豆粕中大豆异黄酮的超临界萃取工艺及性质研究

以脱脂豆粕为原料,通过正交试验,对超临界流体萃取法提取大豆异黄酮的工艺进行了优化研究,并测定了提取物的抗氧化性和抑菌性。实验结果表明,各因素对异黄酮提取率的影响程度由大到小依次为：萃取温度、萃取压力、夹带剂用量、萃取时间。抗氧化性研究表明,豆粕异黄酮浓度分别达1．0mg／ml和1．2mg／ml时,对·OH和O2·的清除率大于50％。抑菌性实验发现,豆粕异黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌有较强的抑制作用。     

绿豆皮抗氧化物质的提取及初步分析

通过分析提取溶剂、料液比、温度、时间等因素,采用正交实验优化了绿豆皮抗氧化物质提取工艺.结果表明,甲醇溶液时绿豆皮抗氧化物质提取效果最好;温度和甲醇浓度对抗氧化物质溶出有明显影响;绿豆皮抗氧化物质提取最佳条件为:75℃,45%甲醇,料液比1:100,2h;绿豆皮中约50%的抗氧化物质为黄酮物质,并且可能主要是黄酮类和黄酮醇类物质.     

猪屎豆胶与黄原胶复配胶的流变性研究

本实验主要通过测定体系黏度研究了猪屎豆胶与黄原胶复配胶的流变学性质。实验结果表明,猪屎豆种子胶与黄原胶有较强烈的协效性,二者的最佳复配比为6：4;复配胶的黏度随浓度的升高而升高,浓度达到0．4％时开始形成凝胶,浓度达到0．8％时形成坚实的凝胶,浓度为0．7％时的溶液黏度为5367mPa·s;混合胶液为“非牛顿流体”,溶液具有“假塑性”;胶液的最佳加热温度为80℃,最佳加热时间为1h;pH5～9、冻融变化、苯甲酸钠、超声波和微波处理对对其黏度影响较小;复配胶具有良好的耐盐稳定性。     

绿豆蛋白质提取工艺的优化

以水为提取剂从绿豆粉中提取蛋白质,研究了pH值、提取温度和用水量对绿豆蛋白质提取率的影响。通过正交试验,确定最佳提取工艺条件为：pH12、温度30℃、用水量10ml／g。该条件下豆蛋白质的提取率最高,蛋白质含量为108．4824mg／g dw。     

Structure and Viscoelastic Properties of Starches Separated from Different Legumes

A comparison between the morphological, structural, thermal and viscoelastic properties of starches separated from pigeon pea, chickpea, field pea, kidney bean and blackgram was made. The shape of the starch granules in the different legumes varied from oval to elliptical or spherical. X-ray diffraction of the legume starches indicated a typical C-pattern (mixture of A- and B-type). Granules of blackgram and pigeon pea starch had a higher degree of crystallinity than those of field pea and kidney bean starches. Apparent amylose content of field pea, kidney bean, chickpea, blackgram and pigeon pea starch was 37.9%, 36.0%, 34.4-35.5%, 32.9-35.6% and 31.8%, respectively. Distribution of isoamylase-branched materials among the starches revealed that the proportions of long and short side chains of amylopectin ranged between 13.6-18.5% and 41.7-46.5%, respectively. Field pea and kidney bean starch had the highest apparent amylose content and the lowest amount of long side chains of amylopectin, respectively. Blackgram and pigeon pea starch possessed higher proportions of both long and short side chains of amylopectin than field pea and chickpea starches. The onset, peak and conclusion temperatures of gelatinization (T_o T_p and T_c, respectively) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. T_o and T_c ranged from 59.3 to 77.3°C, 66.8 to 79.6°C, 55.4 to 67.6°C and 68.3 to 69.3°C, respectively, for chickpea, blackgram, field pea and kidney bean starch. The enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH_gel) of field pea, kidney bean, chickpea, blackgram and pigeon pea starches was 3.6, 3.0, 2.6-4.2, 1.6-1.7 and 2.6 J/g, respectively. Pastes of blackgram and pigeon pea starches showed lower storage and loss shear moduli G′ than field pea, kidney bean and chickpea starches. The changes in moduli during 10 h at 10°C revealed retrogradation in the order of: field pea> kidney bean> chickpea> blackgram> pigeon pea starch. In blackgram and pigeon pea starches, the lower proportion of amylose plus intermediate fraction and higher proportion of short and long side chains of amylopectin are considered responsible for the higher crystallinity, gelatinization temperature and enthalpy of gelatinization.     

Kinetic study of the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant capacity during germination of Vigna radiata cv. emmerald, Glycinemax cv. jutro and Glycine max cv. merit

The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity and the content of antioxidant compounds in raw mung bean seeds and sprouts (Vigna radiata cv. emmerald) germinated for 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 days and of soybean seeds of Glycine max cv. jutro germinated for 2, 3 and 4 days and of Glycine max cv. merit germinated for 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days. Antioxidant compounds, such as vitamin C and E, total phenolic compounds and reduced glutathione (GSH) were studied. Antioxidant capacity was measured by superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-like activity), peroxyl radical-trapping capacity (PRTC), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in unilamellar liposomes of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC). The results indicated that changes in the contents of vitamin C, vitamin E and GSH depended on the type of legume and germination conditions. Sprouts of mung bean and soybeans provided more total phenolic compounds than did raw seeds. The SOD-like activity increased after germination of mung bean seeds for 7 days, by 308%, while no change was observed in sprouts of Glycine max cv. jutro and an increase was observed after 5 and 6 days of germination (∼20%) in Glycine max cv. merit. PRTC and TEAC increased during the germination process and retentions of 28–70% and 11–14%, respectively, for soybean, and 248% and 61%, respectively, for mung bean were observed at the end of germination. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation increased by 389% in 5–7 days’ germination of Vigna radiata cv. emmerald sprouts, and 66% in Glycine max cv. merit sprouts whilst, in Glycine max cv. jutro, germination did not cause changes in lipid peroxidation inhibition. According to the results obtained in this study, germination of mung bean and soybean seeds is a good process for obtaining functional flours with greater antioxidant capacity and more antioxidant compounds than the raw legumes.     

新型紫苏调味豆酱的研究

研究快速发酵法制作新型紫苏调味豆酱,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最佳发酵工艺条件。结果表明：发酵时接种量对紫苏调味豆酱品质影响最大,其次是发酵温度;紫苏豆酱最佳发酵工艺参数为：米曲霉接种量0.40%、主发酵温度50℃、紫苏汁添加量4%、制醅加水量150%,在此条件下制作的紫苏调味豆酱感官品质、发酵效果最好、加工周期短,利于工业化生产,且具有突出的紫苏香气,口味纯正,适宜作为海鲜类食品的调味酱。