肌纤维类型与肉嫩度的关系

阐述了肉的肌纤维与宰后嫩度形成之间的联系,发现由于肌肉宰后消耗能量、产生代谢产物与活体具有不一样的方式,而这个方式因肌纤维差异而存在不同之处,这就会影响到肌肉宰后能量与代谢水平的平衡,进而对肌肉宰后成熟产生调控作用,最终极有可能影响其嫩度的形成。      

巴美肉羊肌纤维特性与糖酵解潜力相关性的研究

以巴美肉羊为实验材料,测定了不同部位肌肉(背最长肌、股二头肌和冈上肌)肌纤维组织学特性和糖酵解潜力,研究了不同部位肌肉肌纤维组织学特性的差异,分析了肌纤维特性和糖酵解潜力之间的相关关系。结果表明,三个部位肌肉的肌纤维中以ⅡB型肌纤维为主。Ⅰ型、ⅡA型肌纤维在背最长肌中含量最少,股二头肌中次之,冈上肌中最多。ⅡB型肌纤维与之相反。Ⅰ型肌纤维直径和横截面积在三块肌肉间存在显著差异(p<0.05)。冈上肌中的ⅡA型肌纤维的直径和横截面积显著大于其他两个部位(p<0.05),背最长肌中的ⅡB型肌纤维的直径和横截面积小于其他两个部位(p<0.05)。背最长肌的糖酵解潜力值显著高于股二头肌和冈上肌的(p<0.05)。糖酵解潜力与Ⅰ型、ⅡA型肌纤维个数比例和面积比例成显著的负相关(p<0.05),与ⅡB型肌纤维数量比和面积比成显著的正相关(p<0.05)。      

A Preparative Method for the Isolation of Calponin from Molluscan Catch Muscle

We describe the development of a preparative method to isolate molluscan catch muscle, calponin. This method is based on the ability of calponin to interact with actin in a temperature-dependent manner. After extracting thin filaments, as previously described, the extract was ultracentrifuged at 2 °C. While other surface proteins of thin filaments co-precipitated with actin, calponin, along with some minor contaminants, remained in the supernatant. Calponin was purified through cation-exchange chromatography. The yield of pure protein was four-fold higher than that achieved through high-temperature extraction. To evaluate functionally isolated proteins, we determined the effect of calponin on Mg²⁺-ATPase activity of hybrid and non-hybrid actomyosin. The degree of ATPase inhibition was consistent with previously published data but strongly dependent on the environmental conditions and source of actin and myosin used. Furthermore, at low concentrations, calponin could induce the ATPase activity of hybrid actomyosin. This result was consistent with data indicating that calponin can modulate actin conformation to increase the relative content of “switched on” actin monomers in thin filaments. We assume that calponin obtained by the isolation method proposed herein is a fully functional protein that can both inhibit and induce the ATPase activity.     

Estimation of freezing storage time and quality changes in hake (Merluccius merluccius, L.) by low field NMR

The potential of low field NMR (LF NMR) as a fast monitoring technique to estimate the quality of hake (Merluccius merluccius) frozen stored at -10°C for up to 6months was evaluated. LF NMR clearly detected three populations of water: water strongly bound to macromolecules (T(2b)), trapped water (T(21)) and free water (T(22)). As storage time increased, and concomitant with an increase in the T(22) and a decrease in the T(21) water populations, the water holding capacity (WHC) and apparent viscosity values decreased and the shear strength increased, reflecting the characteristic loss of juiciness and tougher texture developed by hake during frozen storage. Two mathematical models were constructed: a simple regression using the biexponential analysis of the relaxation times (T(21), T(22)) and amplitudes (A(21), A(22)) and a partial least square regression (PLS) of CONTIN analysis. Both models seemed suitable to estimate the quality of the product.     

中国大鲵肌内脂肪酸组成及其抗氧化研究

分析中国大鲵肌内脂肪酸的组成,并研究肌内脂肪酸抗氧化,提供肌内脂肪酸开发利用的基础理论。通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术分析肌内脂肪酸的组成;通过Schaal烘箱法(63±1℃)研究肌内脂肪酸的抗氧化特性。GC-MS分析结果表明:肌内脂肪主要含13种脂肪酸,其含量由高到低依次为,C18∶124.2%,C16∶015.4%,C16∶113.7%,C18∶28.2%,C20∶56.7%,C18∶34.5%,C22∶64.3%,C14∶13.0%,C18∶02.8%,C22∶52.6%,C20∶42.2%,C17∶02.0%,C17∶11.9%。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)为20.2%,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)达71.3%。单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)为42.8%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)为28.5%,具有保健功能性作用的ω-6型PUFA为13.0%,ω-3型PUFA为15.5%。ω-6型与ω-3型PUFA比为0.8。Schaal烘箱法研究结果表明:抗氧化剂二丁基对甲苯酚(BHT)、没食子酸丙酯(PG)、特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)对肌内脂肪酸有明显的抗氧化作用,其中特丁基对苯二酚抗氧化效果较佳。中国大鲵肌内脂肪富含ω-3和ω-6型...     

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts alleviate oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle of low‐dose streptozotocin‐ and high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet‐induced diabetic rats

Although ER stress in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue was reported to be a novel event linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is much less information on this event in skeletal muscle. Some studies indicated that treatment with antioxidants had beneficial effects on ER stress and diabetes. This study focuses on the effects of a strong antioxidant, grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE), on skeletal muscle in diabetic rats induced with low dose streptozotocin‐ and a high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet. After 16 wk of GSPE treatment, diabetic rats showed decreased plasma glucose levels and insulin resistance. The efficacious effect of GSPE was manifested by the amelioration of muscular damage and dysfunction, as observed by histological examination and periodic acid Schiff staining. Concurrently, calcium overload and the abnormal activities of antioxidant enzymes and ATPases in diabetic muscles were partially reversed by GSPE treatment. GSPE also increased the activity of protein kinase B (a mediator of insulin's metabolic action) and partially alleviated severe ER stress. These findings suggest that GSPE may have auxiliary therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus by decreasing oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle.     

丁香酚麻醉大口黑鲈的保活温度优化

为探讨温度对有水保活大口黑鲈代谢与肌肉品质的影响,研究了不同丁香酚浓度对大口黑鲈的麻醉效果。选取最佳浓度麻醉大口黑鲈,分别在5,10,15和20 ℃的条件下保活,测定了不同温度下的存活率、氨氮含量、血液生化指标与肌肉品质的变化。结果显示：大口黑鲈的较佳丁香酚浓度为18 mg/L,在5 ℃保活72 h存活率为0,在10、15和20 ℃下保活96 h后的存活率分别100%,75%和0%;随着保活时间延长,与15 ℃,20 ℃组相比,10 ℃组的总氨氮降低24.12%~51.24%,血糖含量先增加后下降,保活72 h后,10 ℃处理组血清中皮质醇、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和尿素氮分别比20 ℃组低260.44 pg/mL、52.54 mmol/L、8.76 mmol/L、3.26 mmol/L和8.22 mmol/L（p<0.05）,而溶菌酶、总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量均显著高于其它组（p<0.05）;10 ℃肝脏HSP90的表达量显著低于15 ℃和20 ℃;肌肉指标中,15 ℃和20 ℃组糖原、粗蛋白含量和pH显著低于10 ℃组。表明10 ℃保活条件下大口黑鲈抗氧化物酶活性增强,应激降低,肌肉品质影响较小。因此,10 ℃适合大口黑鲈的长途保活运输。     

酶联免疫方法在牛肉加热终点温度检测中的应用

为保证肉类及肉制品的卫生安全,各国要求加热到一定的加热终点温度。研究通过免疫新西兰白兔获得加热终点温度指示蛋白乳酸脱氢酶的抗体,并建立了牛肌肉加热终点温度酶联免疫检测方法。