纳米材料在提高采收率中的研究进展?

近年来，纳米材料因其有吸引力的物化特性已在生物医药、电子储能、保护涂层等领域发挥重要作用。随着石油资源的需求不断增加和开采难度提高，石油勘探和提高石油采收率技术需要不断创新，以满足未来对碳氢燃料的需求。将功能化的纳米材料与提高采收率技术结合，可以改善驱替剂的流变性能，改变储层岩石的润湿性、降低油水界面张力、提高原油的流动性等，进一步提高原油采收率，为油田的有效、可持续开发提供新的技术手段。本文首先综述了当前在提高采收率领域中的应用较多的几类纳米材料；之后，对纳米材料在提高采收率中的作用机理做了总结；最后，讨论了纳米材料在提高采收率技术中存在的问题，并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Formation of bulk ferromagnetic nanostructured Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 alloys by metastable liquid spinodal decomposition

Nanostructured Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloy ingots of 3―5 mm in diameter could be synthesized by a metastable liquid state spinodal decomposition method. For undercooling T> 260 K, the microstructure of the undercooled specimen had exhibited liquid state spinodal decomposition in the undercooled liquid state. The microstructure could be described as two intertwining networks with small grains dispersed in them. For undercooling T>290 K, the overall microstructure of the specimen changed into a granular morphology. T...     

Graphene oxide-containing isocyanate-based polyimide foams: Enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy

Isocyanate-based graphene oxide-containing polyimide foams were synthesized by a semi-prepolymer method. In this method, while the first solution containing pre-polymer was derived from pyromellitic dianhydride and excess polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate (PM200), the second solution contains dianhydride derivatives, water, catalysts, surfactants, and graphene oxide. PIFs were prepared with 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% graphene oxide by weight, respectively. PIFs exhibited a minimum side reaction and urea generation was not seen for all PIFs instead of imide bonding. The addition of graphene oxide (GO) leads to a more close-packed structure. Therefore, crosslinking density and thermal stability of graphene oxide-containing polyimide foams increased. Upon the addition of 1% GO, almost seven times higher compression strength was obtained compared to neat PIFs. Also, LOI values supported the theory that thermally stable and flame retardant PIFs can be synthesized via the isocyanate-based process with GO.     

Preparation and lithium storage properties of Mo2N quantum dots@nitrogen-doped graphene composite

To improve the electrochemical lithium storage performance of molybdenum nitrides, Mo₂N quantum dots@nitrogen-doped graphene oxide sponge (Mo₂N-QDs@Ngs) was prepared by hydrothermal reaction, freeze-drying and calcination in H₂/N₂ mixture with ammonium molybdate ((NH₄)Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O), hexamethylenetetramine (C₆H₁₂N₄) and graphene oxide (GO) as raw materials. The effect of GO content on the electrochemical lithium storage performance was investigated. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) results show that the size of the prepared Mo₂N quantum dots is about 2—5 nm, and the Mo₂N quantum dots are uniformly distributed on the surface of nitrogen-doped graphene. The electrochemical test results show that when the GO content is 30%, the prepared Mo₂N-QDs@Ngs-30 has the best electrochemical lithium storage performance, which has 699 mA·h·g^-1 specific capacity at the current density of 0.1 A·g^-1, and has 286 mA·h·g^-1 specific capacity even at the current density of 2 A·g^-1.     

工业有机废水深度处理：非均相Fenton催化剂研究进展

在众多水处理技术中,Fenton法能产生具有强氧化性的羟基自由基（·OH）,被认为是处理水中难生物降解有机污染物的有效方法。但是,传统的均相Fenton技术存在响应pH范围窄、催化剂活性组分不易回收分离、产生的铁泥会造成二次污染等问题,而非均相Fenton技术则可有效克服上述缺陷并具有良好工业应用前景。本文评述了Fenton反应,尤其是非均相Fenton技术近年来的发展情况,主要综述了其反应机理、反应活性的影响因素以及非均相Fenton催化剂研究现状。重点结合构-效关系、合成方法与反应机制探讨了国内外铁基与非铁基金属催化剂与碳基催化剂的发展进程以及其对于难降解有机物的处理效果。并总结了双氧水利用率、催化剂稳定性、反应的控速环节对非均相Fenton催化剂体系应用的影响与限制,为进一步改进催化剂的设计与制备方法提供了思路。     

Gd2O3：Yb，Er纳米材料的制备及上转换发光研究

利用Triton X-100／正己醇／环己烷／正己烷／水制成W／O微乳反胶团体系制备Gd2O3：Yb，Er上转换材料。利用扫描电镜观察氧化物粉体的颗粒形貌均为球形；通过改变掺杂元素Yb和Er的比例，在980nm的红外光激发下，观察研究氧化物颗粒的发光性质。该粉体在波长为980nm的半导体激光器激发下发射出绿色和红色的上转换荧光，分别对应于Er^3＋离子的。^S3／2／^2H11／2→^4I15／2跃迁和。^F9／2→^I15／2跃迁。     

模板法制备结构可控纳米材料的研究进展

综述了模板法制备结构可控纳米材料的研究进展,讨论了模板法可控制备纳米材料的原理及高度有序自组装的纳米多孔Al2O3模板的形成机理。重点介绍了纳米材料的可控制备方法,主要包括纳米多孔Al2O3模板法、聚合物模板法和生物模板法。其中纳米多孔Al2O3模板法又分为电化学纳米多孔Al2O3模板合成法和电化学诱导的溶胶-凝胶方法等。根据材料的物化性能,选用适合的模板,采用合理的工艺路线,可以制备出结构可控的纳米材料。     

Mn掺杂对La0.68Pb0.32FeO3纳米材料电阻率、气敏性能的影响

采用Sol-gel法合成了系列纳米材料La0.68Pb0.32Fe1-xMnxO3（x=0．0，0．1，0．2，0．4，0．6），研究了Mn掺杂对材料的导电特性和气敏特性的影响。研究表明：合成的系列纳米材料均具有正交钙钛矿结构，Mn的掺杂对材料La0.68Pb0.32FeO3的结构没有影响，且对材料粒径的影响较小；随Mn元素含量的增加，La0.68Pb0.32Fe-xMnxO3纳米粉体对丙酮的气敏性均迅速降低；Mn掺杂同时导致电阻率减小，这是由于形成Mn^3＋-O^2--Mn^4＋双交换作用键的缘故。     

一种自组装型SnO_2纳米线氢传感器

为了能够对低体积分数的氢气进行灵敏探测,提高氢气生产、使用、运输、存储的安全性,通过热蒸发SnO2和活性炭的混合粉末的自组装方式直接在Cr-Au梳状交叉电极上制备了一层SnO2纳米线气敏层,构成了SnO2纳米线气体传感器。经测试,发现此传感器对于体积分数范围为10×10-6~500×10-6的氢气具有良好的探测灵敏度。     

Challenges and Opportunities of Implantable Neural Interfaces: From Material,Electrochemical and Biological Perspectives

The desirable implantable neural interfaces can accurately record bioelectrical signals from neurons and regulate neural activities with high spatial/time resolution, facilitating the understanding of neuronal functions and dynamics. However, the electrochemical performance (impedance, charge storage/injection capacity) is limited with the miniaturization and integration of neural electrodes. The “crosstalk” caused by the uneven distribution of elctric field leads to lower electrical stimulation/recording efficiency. The mismatch between stiff electrodes and soft tissues exacerbates the inflammatory responses, thus weakening the transmission of signals. Though remarkable breakthroughs have been made through the incorporation of optimizing electrode design and functionalized nanomaterials, the chronic stability, and long-term activity in vivo of the neural electrodes still need further development. In this review, the neural interface challenges mainly on electrochemistry and biology are discussed, followed by summarizing typical electrode optimization technologies and exploring recent advances in the application of nanomaterials, based on traditional metallic materials, emerging 2D materials, conducting polymer hydrogels, etc., for enhancing neural interfaces. The strategies for improving the durability including enhanced adhesion and minimized inflammatory response, are also summarized. The promising directions are finally presented to provide enlightenment for high-performance neural interfaces in future, which will promote profound progress in neuroscience research.