Single‐Layer Ternary Chalcogenide Nanosheet as a Fluorescence‐Based “Capture‐Release” Biomolecular Nanosensor

The novel application of two‐dimensional (2D) single‐layer ternary chalcogenide nanosheets as “capture‐release” fluorescence‐based biomolecular nanosensors is demonstrated. Fluorescently labeled biomolecular probe is first captured by the ultrathin Ta₂NiS₅ nanosheets and then released upon adding analyte containing a target biomolecule due to the higher probe‐target affinity. Here, the authors use a nucleic acid probe for the model target biomolecule Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase, which is an important malarial biomarker. The ultrathin Ta₂NiS₅ nanosheet serves as a highly efficient fluorescence quencher and the nanosensor developed from the nanosheet is highly sensitive and specific toward the target biomolecule. Apart from the specificity toward the target biomolecule in homogeneous solutions, the developed nanosensor is capable of detecting and differentiating the target in heterogeneous solutions consisting of either a mixture of biomolecules or serum, with exceptional specificity. The simplicity of the “capture‐release” method, by eliminating the need for preincubation of the probe with the test sample, may facilitate further development of portable and rapid biosensors. The authors anticipate that this ternary chalcogenide nanosheet‐based biomolecular nanosensor will be useful for the rapid detection and differentiation of a wide range of chemical and biological species.     

纳米技术的发展及其在模具行业的应用

为了更好地推动纳米材料的应用,介绍了纳米技术及纳米材料的性能、用途,并就纳米技术、纳米材料在模具工业中的应用前景进行了展望。     

纳米材料毒性和安全性研究进展

纳米材料的毒性效应研究是纳米技术的一门重要学科,主要研究纳米物质和生物体及环境的相互作用,着重研究纳米物质的物理化学特性等与生物学毒性效应之间的关系。分析了纳米材料毒性研究的特点及产生的背景,以及纳米材料的暴露途径和对生物体及环境的潜在威胁;探讨了纳米材料产生毒性效应的几种可能机制;介绍了国内外几种典型的纳米材料毒性研究情况;展望了今后研究中需重点解决的问题,如加强分子水平上纳米材料毒性效应的研究、构建预测纳米材料潜在影响的理论模型等。     

磁性温敏分子印迹材料用于药用植物中富集单一成分——芒柄花黄素的分离与富集

以四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)纳米粒子为支撑材料,模板选用芒柄花黄素,温敏功能单体和辅助功能单体分别选用N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA),制备出磁性和温度双响应型分子印迹材料(MTMIPs),并结合高效液相色谱法(HPLC)将其用于红车轴草中芒柄花黄素的定向萃取研究。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、磁性分析(VSM)等手段对MTMIPs进行表征,随后对其温敏及吸附性能进行考察。结果表明,MTMIPs为核壳型结构,热稳定性好,具有良好的吸附性能(16.43 mg/g)和温敏特性,对芒柄花黄素的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附过程符合Langmuir单分子层吸附。HPLC检测结果显示MTMIPs可用于从复杂样品中分离富集芒柄花黄素。     

One Step before Synthesis: Structure–Property–Condition Relationship Models to Sustainable Design of Efficient TiO2-Based Multicomponent Nanomaterials

To control the photocatalytic activity, it is essential to consider several parameters affecting the structure of ordered multicomponent TiO₂-based photocatalytic nanotubes. The lack of systematic knowledge about the relationship between structure, property, and preparation parameters may be provided by applying a machine learning (ML) methodology and predictive models based on the quantitative structure-property-condition relationship (QSPCR). In the present study, for the first time, the quantitative mapping of preparation parameters, morphology, and photocatalytic activity of 136 TiO₂ NTs doped with metal and non-metal nanoparticles synthesized with the one-step anodization method has been investigated via linear and nonlinear ML methods. Moreover, the developed QSPCR model, for the first time, provides systematic knowledge supporting the design of effective TiO₂-based nanotubes by proper structure manipulation. The proposed computer-aided methodology reduces cost and speeds up the process (optimize) of efficient photocatalysts’ design at the earliest possible stage (before synthesis) in line with the sustainability-by-design strategy.     

Co-Formulation of Amphiphilic Cationic and Anionic Cyclodextrins Forming Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Non-viral delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids (NA), including siRNA, has potential in the treatment of diseases with high unmet clinical needs such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). While cationic biomaterials are frequently used to complex the nucleic acids into nanoparticles, attenuation of charge density is desirable to decrease in vivo toxicity. Here, an anionic amphiphilic CD was synthesised and the structure was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). A cationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin (CD) was initially used to complex the siRNA and then co-formulated with the anionic amphiphilic CD. Characterisation of the co-formulated NPs indicated a significant reduction in charge from 34 ± 7 mV to 24 ± 6 mV (p < 0.05) and polydispersity index 0.46 ± 0.1 to 0.16 ± 0.04 (p < 0.05), compared to the cationic CD NPs. Size was similar, 161–164 nm, for both formulations. FACS and confocal microscopy, using AML cells (HL-60), indicated a similar level of cellular uptake (60% after 6 h) followed by endosomal escape. The nano co-formulation significantly reduced the charge while maintaining gene silencing (21%). Results indicate that blending of anionic and cationic amphiphilic CDs can produce bespoke NPs with optimised physicochemical properties and potential for enhanced in vivo performance in cancer treatment.     

Photofunctions in Hybrid Systems of Schiff Base Metal Complexes and Metal or Semiconductor (Nano)Materials

Composite materials very often provide new catalytic, optical or other physicochemical properties not observed for each component separately. Photofunctions in hybrid systems are an interesting topic of great importance for industry. This review presents the recent advances, trends and possible applications of photofunctions of hybrid systems composed of Schiff base metal complexes and metal or semiconductor (nano)materials. We focus on photocatalysis, sensitization in solar cells (DSSC—dye sensitized solar cell), ligand-induced chirality and applications in environmental protection for Cr(VI) to Cr(III) reduction, in cosmetology as sunscreens, in real-time visualization of cellular processes, in bio-labeling, and in light activated prodrug applications.     

纳米材料改性水泥基注浆材料的作用机理与研究现状

由于工程地质条件的复杂性,注浆材料需要满足速凝早强、抗分散性、耐久性好的要求.而纳米材料可以改善水泥基注浆材料的力学特性、抗分散性、耐久性,为注浆材料的研制提供了新方向.本文就纳米材料改性水泥基注浆材料的作用机理和研究现状进行了归纳分析,指出关于注浆参数的模型试验和数值模拟研究成果应与工程实践联系,研制更符合特定工程要...     

多孔碳纳米材料构建抗肿瘤药物靶向传递系统的研究进展

抗肿瘤药物靶向传递系统是提高传统化疗药物疗效,并降低其毒副作用的重要手段。以多孔碳纳米材料为药物载体,根据肿瘤组织微环境特点,构建抗肿瘤药物靶向传递系统是实现靶向治疗方案的有效方式。本文围绕基于多孔碳纳米材料的抗肿瘤药物靶向传递系统的构建及应用进行综述,描述了多孔碳纳米材料适宜载药的设计、合成及功能化修饰;通过理论与实例相结合的方式,介绍了提高多孔碳纳米材料载药量和实现联合给药的有效策略;从内源和外源性敏感刺激的角度,重点分析了多孔碳纳米材料基于肿瘤微环境构建的靶向传递系统的机制和应用;阐述了多孔碳纳米材料作为抗肿瘤药物载体面临的生物相容性和生物降解性的问题,并分析了可能的解决途径;展望了多孔碳纳米材料在构建肿瘤药物靶向传递系统应用中的前景及发展方向,为研发靶向、可控的抗肿瘤药物传递系统提供了理论依据和例证支持。