The Potential Application of Starch and Walnut Shells as Biofillers for Natural Rubber (NR) Composites

The goal of this study was application of corn starch and ground walnut shells in various amounts by weight as biofillers of natural rubber (NR) biocomposites. Additionally, ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmiCl) and (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) were used to increase the activity of biofillers and to improve the curing characteristics of NR composites. The effect of biofillers used and their modification with aminosilane or ionic liquid on the curing characteristics of NR composites and their functional properties, including crosslink density, mechanical properties in static and dynamic conditions, hardness, thermal stability and resistance to thermo-oxidative aging were investigated. Starch and ground walnut shells were classified as inactive fillers, which can be used alternatively to commercial inactive fillers, e.g., chalk. BmiCl and APTES were successfully used to support the vulcanization and to improve the dispersion of biofillers in NR elastomer matrix. Vulcanizates with starch, especially those containing APTES and BmiCl, exhibited improved tensile properties due to the higher crosslink density and homogenous dispersion of starch, which resulted from BmiCl addition. NR filled with ground walnut shells demonstrated improved resistance to thermo-oxidative aging. It resulted from lignin present in walnut shells, the components of which belong to polyphenols, that have an antioxidant activity.     

ISO/TC193第9次年会情况报告

本报告概述了96年ISO／TC193第8次年会以来,天然气分析测试领域中标准化工作的进展情况,并根据第9次年会上讨论的意见及作出的决议,对我国今后在该领域中开展标准化工作应注意的问题及工作方针提出了建议。     

降低克劳斯硫磺中有机物含量的技术措施

结合川西北矿区净化厂实际,讨论了硫磺中有机物的来源,认为降低酸气中烃类和含胺量,适当提高硫回收装置燃烧温度,并控制克劳斯一级反应器和亚露点克劳斯反应器温度３４０℃左右时,能有效降低硫磺中有机物含量。     

天然橡胶-氢化丁腈橡胶的共硫化及性能研究

天然橡胶(NR)和氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)因不饱和度和极性的差异,存在硫化速度不匹配、填料分散等问题,难以实现两胶的并用。本文通过先制备不同硫黄/促进剂比例的NR和HNBR母炼胶,再将母炼胶并用制备NR/HNBR复合材料,解决了NR和HNBR共硫化的问题。研究了NR/HNBR的相态结构和填料在NR和HNBR两相的分散状态,结合相态结构和填料分散分析了NR/HNBR并用比对复合材料硫化特性、动静态力学性能、耐磨性和压缩温升的影响。结果表明:并用HNBR的复合材料混炼胶的门尼黏度增大,焦烧时间和正硫化时间缩短;随着HNBR含量增加,HNBR相的尺寸增大,硫化胶的硬度及100%和300%定伸应力增加,拉伸强度、撕裂强度、断裂伸长率和拉断永久变形减小,耐磨性和抗湿滑性提高,压缩疲劳温升增大。     

The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Oxidative Stress in Varicocele-Mediated Male Hypofertility

Varicocele (VC) is the most common abnormality identified in men evaluated for hypofertility. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidants concentrations are key contributors in varicocele-mediated hypofertility. Moreover, inflammation and alterations in testicular immunity negatively impact male fertility. In particular, NLRP3 inflammasome activation was hypothesized to lead to seminal inflammation, in which the levels of specific cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, are overexpressed. In this review, we described the role played by oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in VC disease. The consequences of ROS overproduction in testis, including inflammation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, chromatin damage, and sperm DNA fragmentation, leading to abnormal testicular function and failed spermatogenesis, were highlighted. Finally, we described some therapeutic antioxidant strategies, with recognized beneficial effects in counteracting OS and inflammation in testes, as possible therapeutic drugs against varicocele-mediated hypofertility.     

中国大中型气田天然气的运聚特征

中国重点盆地大中型气田天然气的运聚具有多种途径和方式,归纳起来具有如下特点:区域构造运动是造成天然气运移的决定性控制因素;流体势决定天然气运移的方向和聚集的场所。在断陷盆地中,天然气以垂向和阶梯状运移为主;在克拉通、前陆斜坡和大型坳陷盆地中,天然气以侧向运移为主,垂向运移也起重要作用。断裂和不整合面是天然气运移的主要通道;异常压力是高压盆地天然气运移的主要动力,地热对热盆天然气的运移具有一定的影响;盆地的上倾方向和古隆起是天然气运移的指向区。     

MODELS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION: DIALOGUE WITH COMPUTER

A model of understanding texts of a natural language is presented, which consists of three levels. On the first level, the system uses only information in the given text. On the second level, it employs additional information from a knowledge base. On the third level, understanding is connected with some activity of the system stimulated by the available information.     

文字可视化技术在虚拟环境中的应用(英文)

文字和图像是人类日常交流常用的两种方式,同时它们之间有着很深的联系。我们常常将图像转化为文字(如通过文字来描述一副绘画作品),反之亦然(如通过一幅画来再现一段故事),但这个过程的转换对计算机系统而言则是一个挑战。随着自然语言处理技术和计算机图形技术的发展,人们逐渐意识到结合这两种技术,并通过整合人与人之间的交流方式来进一步提高人机界面的可能性,使之成为信息可视化领域一个新的研究方向之一。本文通过回顾基于文字到可视化技术的应用发展进程,并在对当前的相关研究进行了探讨的基础上提出了我们对故事可视化系统开发的解决方案。     

因需而型,应需为变——豫西南地区村镇住宅优化设计研究

研究豫西南农村的住宅设计模式,借助计算机数字化分析,探讨投入低、舒适度高的村镇住宅设计思路,并提出该因需而型,应需为变的优化设计策略。