冰浆清洗技术对小口径球墨铸铁给水管道的清洗效果

介绍了一种新的管道清洗技术——冰浆清洗技术,该技术通过注入冰浆来清洗管道内壁,去除管道中的矿物沉积物、生物膜以及其他沉积物,该技术无需管道开挖、耗时短、耗水量少,能快速恢复供水,而且不会带来二次污染。针对小口径球墨铸铁给水管道的清洗结果表明,冰浆清洗后管网水浊度降低了约76%,清洗效果良好,清洗后水质达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749—2006)的要求。     

Assessing filter robustness at drinking water treatment plants

This investigation explores the use of five‐parameter logistic curve fitting in quantifying turbidity robustness and risk scoring in clarification and filtrations stages of several surface water treatment works in the Anglian Water region of the United Kingdom. The approach taken reviews different scoring systems and addresses issues of weighting, averages and variability in robustness performance using turbidity robustness indices (TRIs). It also proposes an area‐based risk scoring profile to assess performance [relative area profile for T₉₀ (RAP₉₀)]. The metrics produced are considered to be a logical and rational way to help prioritise where resources for water treatment operation should be deployed.     

Sediment and discharge yields within a minimally disturbed,headwater watershed in North Central Pennsylvania,USA, with an emphasis on Superstorm Sandy

We estimated discharge and suspended sediment (SS) yield in a minimally disturbed watershed in North Central Pennsylvania, USA, and compared a typical storm (September storm, 4.80 cm) to a large storm (Superstorm Sandy, 7.47 cm rainfall). Depending on branch, Sandy contributed 9.7–19.9 times more discharge and 11.5–37.4 times more SS than the September storm. During the September storm, the upper two branches accounted for 60.6% of discharge and 88.8% of SS at Lower Branch; during Sandy these percentages dropped to 36.1% for discharge and 30.1% for SS. The branch with close proximity roads had over two‐three times per area SS yield than the branch without such roads. Hysteresis loops showed typical clockwise patterns for the September storm and more complicated patterns for Sandy, reflecting the multipeak event. Estimates of SS and hysteresis in minimally disturbed watersheds provide useful information that can be compared spatially and temporally to facilitate management.     

高浊度矿井水处理中混凝剂投加方式研究

针对高浊度矿井水胶粒含量大、粒径小、体积质量小等水质特点,开展了混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)不同投加方式的混凝试验研究,考察了混凝剂各投加方式下的最佳剂量及处理效果,并对PAC与PAM最佳投加间隔时间进行分析.结果表明,原水浊度为2 450 NTU,采用先投加0.5 mg/L浓度PAM,后投加100 mg/L浓度PAC及0.4 mg/L浓度PAM的混凝剂投加方式,出水浊度取得最低值4.6 NTU,总药剂成本最低.PAC与PAM不同投加间隔时间中,PAM的投加点滞后于PAC投加点120 s时混凝效果最佳.     

新型聚硅铝铁絮凝剂强化处理低温低浊水

以硅酸钠、硫酸、硫酸铝和三氯化铁为原料制备了聚硅铝铁复合絮凝剂，对低温低浊水进行处理研究，并与硫酸铝、PAC进行了对比。结果表明，聚硅铝铁复合絮凝荆对低温低浊水有较好的处理效果，投加量为4mg／L时，出水浊度在0．5NTU以下。     

天然高分子絮凝剂仙人掌絮凝性能的初步研究

研究了天然高分子絮凝剂仙人掌的絮凝性能,标准水样用高岭土配制。分别处理较高浊度(100~200NTU)和低浊度(20~50NTU)的标准水样,结果表明,仙人掌絮凝剂对浊度的去除率比较高,最终的出水浊度可以达到5NTU。仙人掌絮凝剂的最佳用量与AlCl3·6H2O相比仅仅高一点。可以推测,仙人掌组分中的非极性成分在絮凝过程中起了重要的作用。     

聚合絮凝剂法盐湖卤水除浊研究

针对盐湖卤水中存在的颜色和高浊度问题,以聚合铝和铁盐为絮凝剂,聚丙烯酰胺为助凝剂,通过混凝试验,研究复合絮凝剂对山西运城盐湖卤水的微小悬浮颗粒物和胶体颗粒的去除效果,确定最佳工艺技术条件,并制定最佳除浊方案,以实现净化卤水,提高盐化产品质量的目的。     

化学预氧化对混凝效果的影响试验

采用静态批量试验方法,分别在水样中投加KMnO4、H2O2、ClO2和O3进行预氧化,然后再投加不同剂量的絮凝剂PAC,充分沉淀后,检测出水浊度和TOC.通过这些指标的变化来评价预氧化对混凝效果的影响.试验结果表明:浊度和TOC去除率的提高与其氧化剂的投加量有关,在最佳的氧化剂投量下,经过KMnO4或H2O2预氧化后,浊度去除率可以提高7%左右,TOC去除率提高11%以上;ClO2预氧化后浊度去除率可以提高4%左右,TOC去除率提高可以达到7%左右;O3预氧化后浊度去除率只能提高2%左右,但TOC去除率可以提高5%左右.同时还可以看出TOC的去除效果随浊度去除率的提高而增加.     

乙醇沉淀法测定葡聚糖浓度方法探讨

研究采用乙醇沉淀法测定葡聚糖浓度实验方法,结果表明：乙醇与葡聚糖溶液体积比大于等于1∶1时,溶液产生较大浊度;反应时间在30 min以上时,溶液浊度相对稳定;但大量实验研究结果表明：葡聚糖溶液浓度与浊度之间线性关系不好,且溶液产生的浊度重复性很差。     

复合铝锌铁有机改性混凝剂对模拟水的处理效果

采用混凝实验,对比研究了复合铝锌铁（PAZF）混凝剂及其有机改性剂[PPAZF-n,n为聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）加入量]对高浊度模拟水样的处理效果。实验结果表明,PPAZF-n的除浊效果优于PAZF,且PPAZF-5的除浊效率最高。当投药量为3mL时,PPAZF-2、PPAZF-5及PPAZF-10的余浊分别为1．93、1．16及1．99 NTU,而PAZF的余浊为2．41NTU。