给水处理系统优化运行的理论分析

探讨了给水处理系统优化研究的基本模式，提出了沉淀水变浊度运行优化的概念，并通过理论分析证明了优化运行工况的存在性。     

Application of rapid methods and ultrasound imaging in the assessment of the microbiological quality of aseptically packed starch soup

The application of rapid microbiological methods such as automated turbidometry and microcolony count using the direct epifluorescence technique (DEFT) was tested for the quality control of aseptically packed ultra-high temperature-treated starch-based soup. In addition, a non-destructive method using ultrasound imaging through the packages prior to the microbiological analysis was evaluated. The results showed that ultrasound could be a promising non-destructive testing method in quality control schemes for starch-based foods. Certain problems associated with calibration may arise in the application of turbidometry for heat-treated food material. Neither method studied in this work was sufficiently sensitive without a pre-incubation step.     

Practical application of the “turbid water” flag in ocean color imagery: Interference with sun-glint contaminated pixels in open ocean

A simple method to identify turbid, sediment-loaded, waters within satellite ocean color imageries was recently proposed (A. Morel and S. Bélanger, Remote Sensing of Environment, 102, (2006), 237-249). Systematic application of this method to the level-3 composites obtained from three ocean color sensors shows that the “turbid” flag is often raised in the open ocean, especially in the sub-tropical oligotrophic gyres, where turbidity is unlikely. In addition these flagged zones migrate with season, and clearly follow the sun declination course. The combination of low chlorophyll waters with a residual sun-glint is at the origin of this artifact. Simple approaches for eliminating such a misleading detection are proposed. The identification and elimination of the bias are also needed in particular for an unambiguous detection of the presence of calcite (coccolithophores) in open waters.     

果味啤酒的研制

啤酒酿造过程中，添加水果原汁混合发酵生产水果汁啤酒，非生物稳定性差，采用碳酸饮料的啤酒酿造相结合的生产工艺，开发研制的果味酒泡沫洁白，挂杯，酸甜可口。     

Study of some factors involved in ethanal production during alcoholic fermentation

The influence of temperature, turbidity and oxygen uptakes to the musts on the production of ethanal by yeasts, during the alcoholic fermentation (AF), has been studied. The aim was to evaluate how increasing and controlling the production of this molecule, in order to anticipate the reactions between anthocyanins and flavans from the second half of the AF. This concerns, in particular, those winemaking techniques consisting in a temporarily separate fermentation of a part of the must (35–40% of the total mass), that is drained before the start of the AF. The experimental design was a complete factorial plan with three factors upon two levels (T = 18 °C and 22 °C; with or without oxygen; turbidity of 30 and 120 NTU); data were elaborated with 3-ways ANOVA. Temperature proved to be the main factor influencing ethanal production during AF: higher temperatures (22 °C versus 18 °C) cause an increase of the ethanal content during the first days of fermentation; after having reached 6–7% of ethanal, the effect is inverted. The influence of turbidity is less important, and it's synergic with the effect of temperature. Oxygen has a detrimental effect on the production of ethanal only at the beginning of the AF, while later, in presence of ethanol, it promotes it through a chemical way.     

环保/水质测试仪器的进展

介绍了最常用的水质参数－－酸碱度，电导率／电阻率，溶介氧，固体悬浮物／浊度的测试和进展。     

正交设计在缩二脲测定条件选择中的应用

以缩二脲标准溶液为试样,采用正交试验的方法得到了各因素水平对缩二脲测定结果的影响规律,并根据上述规律建立了浑浊最佳处理方法。精密度试验、加样回收试验和对比试验表明此处理方法准确、有效,大大缩短了浑浊试样的测定时间。     

变时滞系统的辨识自适应控制算法的改进与仿真研究

城市供水出水浊度过程控制是大时滞难控对象,Smith预估控制方法的研究有效地改善了时滞带来的控制困难的问题,但是当系统模型不精确时,很难获得好的控制品质。采用时滞辨识自适应方法,有好的控制效果,但当被控系统的时滞参数是时变时,在一定范围内可能存在的时滞辨识的效果不理想,所以提出采用变搜寻区域的辨识方法,可以实时地搜索出真实过程的时滞。该算法用于变时滞的系统,具有良好的控制品质和较强的自适应能力。     

浮沉池工艺在北方地区水库水处理中的应用

北方地区水库水的温度、浊度和藻含量,随季节或气候变化高低交替,严重影响常规供水处理工艺的处理效果。浮沉池工艺结合了气浮和沉淀的优势功能,可以较好地应对水质变化,其处理优势有:水力负荷高、池体紧凑、截留悬浮固体的效率高、高水力负荷下除藻能力强、出水水质优良且稳定、启动迅速、对原水水质和水力负荷有较强的抗冲击能力等。该文基于投产使用的多座浮沉池的运行参数,分析认为浮沉池工艺在处理北方地区水库水时的相关参数范围是:溶气压力为0.3~0.35 MPa,回流比为7%~9%,反应时间为10~20 min,表面负荷为9~11.5 m3/m2.h。     

浊度计法测定水样浊度的探讨

采用浊度计法测定水样的浊度,结果表明：相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.18%~5.40%,方法的加标回收率为95.6%~105.5%,具有灵敏度高、准确度好、精密度好、仪器操作方便等优点,适合低、中、高浊度水样的测定,是水中浊度测定的较好的方法。