装载比对化学镀镍-磷合金的影响

以镀速、镀层中磷的质量分数和稳定常数为评价指标,在保持镀液组成和工艺条件不变的情况下,考察装载比对化学镀镍工艺的影响。结果表明:镀速随装载比的增加而降低;镀层中磷的质量分数随装载比的增加而增大;稳定常数在80%～94%之间波动;当装载比为1.5dm2/L时,镀液得到充分利用。     

氢氧化铝对复合绝缘子用硅橡胶的性能影响研究

研究了氢氧化铝的粒径及填充量对复合绝缘子用热硫化硅橡胶的力学性能、电学性能、阻燃性、憎水性能的影响。实验结果表明：当氢氧化铝粒径为2.4μm时,硅橡胶的力学性能及阻燃性能达到最佳,憎水性及电学性能适中;氢氧化铝填充量为115～125份之间时,硅橡胶综合性能最佳,漏电起痕达到1A4.5,阻燃性能满足FV-0。     

微通道内伴有化学吸收气液两相流的空隙率与压力降

微通道内气液两相流空隙率与压力降对微反应器的热质传递性能有显著影响,是微反应器的重要设计参数。采用高速摄像仪和压力测量系统分别对矩形微通道内单乙醇胺水溶液化学吸收CO₂过程的空隙率和压力降进行了研究,考察了弹状流下气液两相流量与化学反应速率对空隙率及压力降的影响。结果表明:当液相流量一定时,微通道内空隙率和压力降均随着气相流量的增大而增大,空隙率随化学反应速率的增大而减小,压力降随化学反应速率的增大而增大;当气相流量一定时,随着液相流量和化学反应速率的上升,微通道内空隙率下降,而压力降上升。提出了微通道内伴有化学吸收的空隙率和压力降的半理论预测模型,模型平均误差分别为15.79%和11.12%,显示了良好的预测性能。     

石英砂二元混合颗粒初始流化过程的研究

在一套Φ300 mm×3000 mm的有机玻璃冷模流化床实验装置上,考察了石英砂二元混合颗粒的初始流化特性。所有二元混合颗粒均由颗粒密度相同但粒径不同的A、B、C、D四类颗粒组分两两按照一定质量分数混合而成。采用FXC-Ⅱ/32型压力巡检仪测得了不同轴向位置床层的压降曲线,得到了不同二元混合颗粒的起始流化过程特性曲线和起始流化速度。实验结果表明,两种颗粒组分平均粒径大小和差异及其组分质量分率对二元混合颗粒的起始流化特性具有显著影响。A类颗粒加入可显著改善B、C和D类颗粒的流化质量;C类颗粒加入量过大会使混合颗粒在流化过程中出现严重的沟流现象;当浮升组分(小颗粒)质量分数为0.4时,组分粒径差异较大的二元混合颗粒在流化过程中最容易发生完全分级现象;对于粒径差别较大的二元颗粒组分,床层最小流化速度随小颗粒组分的增多而下降,而对于具有较强颗粒间作用力组分的二元颗粒组分,床层最小流化速度则随小颗粒组分的增多而增大。根据实验数据对等密度BD二元混合颗粒的起始流化速度预测公式进行了修正,发现实验值与计算值吻合较好。     

预吸水轻骨料对高强混凝土早期收缩的影响

基于等强度原则,设计了内养护水灰比分别为0、0.04、0.08和0.12的4组高强混凝土,研究了密封和干燥两种养护条件下,预吸水轻骨料的体积掺量对混凝土早龄期自由收缩、内部湿度及弹性模量的影响。结果表明：随着内养护水引入量的增大,28 d龄期内高强混凝土内部湿度下降和早期总收缩变形均得到明显缓解,且对密封养护混凝土的影响更明显;但混凝土的弹性模量随轻骨料掺量增大而下降,应用中应优化选择预吸水轻骨料的掺量。在干燥环境条件下,轻骨料预吸水内养护法并不能根除干燥收缩,内养护高强混凝土中可能存在较大的内部湿度梯度及近表面干燥现象。     

THE EFFECT OF LIQUID PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ON DRIFT VELOCITY

Drift velocity is a very important paramcter for predictirg the pool volumetric void fraction. Two-phase system of gas and high viscous liquids pool is encountered in various engineering applications. A review of the literature shows no data for explaining the effect of highly viscous liquids on the drift velocity. This paper's analysis shows that there is a considerable influence. It is shown that the foaming behaviour of liquids is dependent on the surface properties. For some highly viscous liquids at a given superficial gas velocity, the viscosity changes with time. The effect of "foam" and "time" on drift velocity is clearly elucidated.     

卷取温度对热轧TRIP钢残奥及力学性能的影响

为了研究卷取温度对热轧TRIP钢的残余奥氏体和力学性能的影响,使用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、x-射线衍射、拉伸实验等方法对三种卷取温度下制备的热轧TRIP钢进行分析.结果显示,随着卷取温度的降低,残余奥氏体晶粒尺寸变小,残奥体积分数和碳的质量分数也变小.450 ℃和400 ℃卷取温度下制备的热轧TRIP钢的残奥形貌的圆整性相差不大,而350 ℃卷取温度下制备的热轧TRIP钢的残奥形貌较圆整.热轧TRIP钢的力学性能随着卷取温度的降低表现为高的屈服强度和低伸长率,450 ℃卷取温度下制备的热轧TRIP钢的综合力学性能最优.     

基于CAE技术铝合金支架压铸工艺优化

基于CAE技术研究了铝合金汽车支架压铸件的凝固过程,对可能出现的铸造缺陷进行预测,获得了零件成型过程的温度场分布和凝固时间与温度的关系。在有无水冷的两套方案中选择不同部位节点,研究不同节点凝固过程中的温度变化规律。结果表明：没有增设水冷的方案中,铸件凝固顺序混乱,温度梯度分布不合理,铸件成形过程容易产生铸造缺陷;增设水冷设置的方案中,铸件各节点冷却速度得到提高,同时保持良好的凝固顺序,铸造缺陷显著下降。     

Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer Characteristics in a Rotating‐Drum Bioreactor

The oxygen volumetric mass transfer coefficient is a key parameter to characterize the performance of aerobic bioreactors. A novel rotating‐drum bioreactor (RDB) fitted with a sparger as proposed in a previous work has demonstrated its excellent gas‐liquid mass transfer performance. To provide primary information on the design and scale‐up of the novel RDB, effects of reactor configuration including the number and width of lifters and operation conditions such as rotational speed, aeration rate, and solid volume fraction on mass transfer performance were systematically investigated in a new medium‐sized RDB. Compared with the stirred bioreactor and traditional RDBs, this new RDB exhibits better mass transfer performance. Taking both operational and reactor configuration parameters into consideration, an empirical correlation to predict the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in this type of RDBs was proposed which is valuable for its design and scale‐up.     

Performance of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Adsorption and Biofiltration in the Treatment of Biologically Treated Sewage Effluent

Abstract

In this study, the performance of GAC adsorption and biofiltration systems in treating biological treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was evaluated in terms of organic removal efficiency, organic fractions, and molecular weight distribution (MW) of organic matter (OM) removed. The GAC biofilter removed 23.5% and 61% of the hydrophobic fractions and hydrophilic fractions of OM in the BTSE respectively. MW distribution studies of GAC filter and GAC adsorption revealed the following: Hydrophobic fraction of the effluent showed a peak at 345 dalton after GAC biofiltration and 256 dalton after GAC adsorption, whereas, with hydrophilic fractions, peaks at 46,178 and 345 daltons were observed after GAC biofiltration and peaks at 46,178 and 256 daltons after GAC adsorption. Transphilic fraction showed the peaks at 12,783 dalton with GAC biofiltration, and 1,463 dalton with GAC adsorption. The performance of the GAC biofilter was successfully mathematically modelled.