雪莲果过氧化物酶的特性和抑制研究

以新鲜雪莲果为材料,对雪莲果过氧化物酶(POD)的特性进行了研究,并探讨了不同抑制剂及激活剂对酶活性的影响。结果表明:雪莲果过氧化物酶最适反应pH值为6.0,最适反应温度为35℃,最佳反应底物(愈创木酚)浓度为0.008mmol/L,最大反应速度Vmax=135U/(min.g),米氏常数Km=0.004182mol/L。在0~200mmol/L范围内,抑制剂对POD的抑制作用为NaHSO3>L-cys>柠檬酸>VC>EDTA。在0~10mmol/L范围内,激活剂对POD激活作用为CuSO4>FeCl3。     

平菇复合保鲜剂的筛选及保鲜效果

以平菇(Pleurotus ostyeatus)为实验材料,以贮藏期间的质量损失率、褐变度、呼吸强度以及感官指标(包括色泽、气味、腐烂程度、黏度等)为观测项目,采用单因素试验结合正交试验的方法研究不同质量浓度的保鲜剂柠檬酸、植酸、抗坏血酸、壳聚糖、食盐对平菇贮藏期间保鲜品质的影响。结果表明：保鲜剂质量浓度组合为柠檬酸10g/L、植酸1.5g/L、抗坏血酸1.3g/L。经此复合保鲜剂处理的平菇在(8 ± 1)℃可保存10d,其效果好于单一保鲜剂和蒸馏水对照。     

芋的贮藏与保鲜

由于芋水分含量高、酚类物质存在,整芋特别是鲜切芋的贮藏与保鲜很重要。我国常见芋艿品种的贮藏与保鲜技术,整芋的贮藏与保鲜涉及室内外贮藏差异、不同的贮存介质差异、不同的品种差异、不同的芋艿部位差异以及贮藏温度的要求;鲜切芋的贮藏与保鲜涉及不同的包装材料、不同的涂膜处理、不同的加工方法、不同的保鲜剂对鲜切芋艿的影响。为芋艿贮藏与保鲜开辟新蹊径提供新思路。     

龙眼菠萝复合果酒褐变抑制的研究

研究了龙眼菠萝复合果酒加工过程中原料配比、原料成熟度、抑制剂处理、杀菌条件对果酒褐变的抑制效果.结果表明:龙眼的配比越大、成熟度越大,果酒的褐变程度越大;杀菌温度90℃、杀菌时间20min、柠檬酸添加量0.3％时,对果酒有较好的褐变抑制效果,但抗坏血酸、半胱氨酸、CaCl2对该果酒的褐变抑制效果较差,不适宜用作龙眼菠萝复合果酒的褐变抑制剂.     

Changes in selected quality characteristics of minimally processed carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) when treated with ascorbic acid

‘B 10’ carambola of ripening stage (RS) 3 and 4 were minimally processed (MP) and then dipped in 0, 15 and 30 mg L^?1 ascorbic acid (AA). The 1‐cm‐thick slices were then dried, packed into cling‐wrapped‐foam tray and stored at 7 °C for 0, 3 and 5 days. Skin colour (L*, C* and h°), flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration, vitamin C content, titratable acidity, pH, degree of browning, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and sensory attributes of MP carambola treated with AA were determined. AA treatment had significant effect in decreasing cut surface browning degree but no significant effect on all the selected quality characteristics of the MP carambola. In the sensory evaluation, flesh colour, sweetness, flavour and overall taste were significantly affected by AA treatment especially at 15 mg L^?1. The RS of fruit significantly affected skin colour (C* and h°), pH and sensory attributes of colour and flavour of the MP carambola. As storage day (SD) progressed, skin colour (C* and h°), flesh firmness and vitamin C content, cut surface browning, PPO activity and all the sensory attributes of MP carambola decreased significantly. Flesh firmness of the MP carambola was affected by the interaction between AA × SD. Sensory attributes of MP carambola were affected significantly by AA × RS. All the sensory attributes of MP carambola positively correlated to each other but negatively correlated with browning degree. PPO activity positively correlated with browning degree. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

香蕉酸乳发酵工艺的研究

研究了香蕉酸乳的发酵工艺。将香蕉打浆后与牛奶调配，接种乳酸菌发酵制成凝固型香蕉酸乳。研究表明，香蕉去皮后热烫8-10min，投入到等量含质量浓度为10mg/L的Na2S2O5与质量分数为0.5%柠檬酸的混合液中打浆，可有效防止香蕉果肉的褐变。香蕉酸乳的最佳配方：脱酯乳粉质量分数为3%，全脂乳粉质量分数为10%，香蕉果肉质量分数为15%，蔗糖质量分数为7%，乙基麦芽酚质量浓度为20mg/L，以1：1比例接种保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合发酵剂（质量分数为5%），在42℃下发酵5h，及4-5℃下冷藏12-20h。所得产品凝乳结实，口感细腻，酸甜适口，香蕉味、酸乳味协调、独特。     

Effect of pH on non-enzymatic browning reaction during γ-irradiation processing using sugar and sugar–glycine solutions

Effects of pH on the non-enzymatic browning reaction caused by γ-irradiation processing were investigated. The brown colour development of irradiated sugar–glycine solutions was greater in a buffer system than in deionized distilled water (DDW) with higher pH. Although browning of irradiated sugar solution without glycine was highly increased was in alkaline buffer, no browning was developed in DDW. The maximum browning of the solutions of sugar and sugar–glycine were observed at pH 10 and pH 8, respectively. The browning intensity was in the following order: sucrose ? fructose > glucose. Non-constant pH was observed in DDW (dropped pH between 1.58 and 2.03 units); however, the use of buffers was partially effective in keeping pH constant (pH dropped between 0.03 and 0.56 units). When the irradiated solutions of sugar with and without glycine were analyzed using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD), three peaks were separated at 3.37 ± 0.04, 4.60 ± 0.02, and 2.53 ± 0.26 min, and the λ_max values of these peaks were the range 259–288 nm. The sum of the areas of these peaks at 260 nm increased with increasing pH. The results of this study indicated that conditions of the system, such as pH and media, can influence the non-enzymatic browning reaction during γ-irradiation.     

高温蒸汽处理对余甘子果汁贮藏期间的品质影响及褐变行为解析

为研究高温蒸汽预处理对余甘子果汁贮藏期间成分含量的影响及对褐变行为进行解析,将预处理后余甘子（D样）与未经预处理的余甘子（W样）榨汁灭菌,分别置于不同温度下贮藏42 d,测定贮藏过程中VC、总酚、5-羟甲基糠醛（5-hydroxymethyl furfural,5-HMF）、还原糖质量浓度和褐变度的变化,并采用通径分析法解析其褐变的主要原因。结果表明：不同贮藏条件下,高温蒸汽预处理可减缓贮藏过程中余甘子果汁的VC、总酚及总糖含量的损失,并降低5-HMF的生成量及果汁的褐变度,且低温贮藏更有利于果汁成分的保留。同时,高温蒸汽预处理改变了余甘子果汁贮藏过程中引起褐变的主要因素,在4 ℃贮藏条件下,W样中的总酚质量浓度对褐变度有最大的直接作用,总酚质量浓度和5-HMF质量浓度的交互作用是影响褐变度的首要因素;对于D样来说,5-HMF质量浓度对褐变度有最大的直接作用,5-HMF质量浓度和总酚质量浓度的交互作用是影响褐变度的首要因素。在25 ℃贮藏条件下,总酚质量浓度对W样和D样的褐变度均起首要作用,同时也是决定褐变度的首要因素。在37 ℃贮藏条件下,W样中的总酚质量浓度对褐变度有最大的直接作用,也是决定褐变度的首要因素;对于D样来说,VC质量浓度对褐变度有最大的直接作用,VC质量浓度和5-HMF质量浓度的交互作用是褐变度的首要因素。     

混浊梨汁加工中PPO热失活条件的研究

研究了热处理梨汁（加或不加防褐变剂）,梨浆使其中的PPO完全及部分失活所需要的温度和时间结果为：在90℃处理果汁10s可使其中的PPO完全失活,而对于果浆则需要90℃处理15s以上.加了防褐变剂的果汁经90℃处理10s可使其中的PPO完全失活.此外,经80℃处理30s以上虽不能使其中的PPO完全失活,但添加的防褐变剂及果汁自身的pH可抑制残余的PPO,从而防止酶促褐变的发生.70℃处理梨汁40s不能防止其中的酶促褐变.     

紫薯花色苷在贮藏过程中的降解特性

本研究通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱（high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS/MS）法分析鉴定‘鄂薯12号’紫薯的花色苷成分,采用pH示差法和HPLC法研究该紫薯花色苷提取液在4、20、35 ℃贮藏98 d期间总花色苷和各单体花色苷的变化规律,并在此基础上研究了花色苷的降解动力学以及褐变指数和聚合物颜色指数。结果表明：从‘鄂薯12号’紫薯提取物中鉴定出13 种花色苷,主要为矢车菊素-3-槐糖苷-5-葡糖苷和芍药素-3-槐糖苷-5-葡糖苷与对羟基苯甲酸、阿魏酸或咖啡酸形成的酰基化花色苷;贮藏期间总花色苷和各单体花色苷的含量呈下降趋势,花色苷的降解符合一级动力学模型;4、20 ℃和35 ℃贮藏条件下总花色苷半衰期分别为228.8、48.1 d和32.6 d;在相同糖苷配体情况下,矢车菊素类花色苷的半衰期要短于芍药素;在相同花色素配体情况下,酰基化花色苷的半衰期要长于未酰基化花色苷,且二酰化花色苷的半衰期长于单酰化花色苷;褐变指数和聚合物颜色指数随贮藏时间的延长和贮藏温度的升高而增大,并且聚合物颜色指数与花色苷含量之间呈指数关系。