苹果多酚处理对鲜切芋艿品质的影响

为了控制鲜切芋艿贮藏过程中的褐变并延长其货架期,研究（10.0±0.5）℃条件下,蒸馏水（CK）和不同质量分数（0.3%、0.5%、0.7%）苹果多酚浸泡处理对其色泽、硬度、糖类物质含量、总酚含量、丙二醛含量及褐变相关酶活力的影响。结果表明：苹果多酚处理能够延缓芋艿切片贮藏过程中的褐变进程,其中以0.5%苹果多酚处理的效果最佳;与CK组相比,0.5%苹果多酚处理可以保持芋艿切片较好的色泽和较高的硬度,延缓苯丙氨酸解氨酶活力和总酚含量的升高,抑制芋艿过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、脂氧合酶活力和丙二醛含量的升高,从而延缓鲜切芋艿贮藏过程褐变的发生,保持鲜切芋艿较好的贮藏品质。     

纳他霉素处理对鲜切双孢菇褐变的抑制机理

为研究纳他霉素对鲜切双孢菇褐变的抑制机理,本实验分别采用去离子水（对照）、0.1?g/kg纳他霉素和复合试剂（0.1?g/kg纳他霉素＋10?g/kg?D-异抗坏血酸钠）浸泡处理鲜切双孢菇5?min,并于4?℃下贮藏,分析贮藏过程中多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）、酪氨酸酶（tyrosinase,TYR）活力和自由基清除率等多项生理指标。结果表明：纳他霉素和复合试剂处理均能抑制鲜切双孢菇贮藏过程中硬度下降及质量损失率、呼吸强度和相对电导率的上升,降低霉菌和酵母总数,延缓PPO和TYR活力的上升,维持双孢菇子实体VC、还原性谷胱甘肽、总酚和羟脯氨酸含量及谷胱甘肽还原酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活力,有利于双孢菇保持较高的抗氧化酶活力、自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力,从而减轻双孢菇的褐变程度,延长其货架期,其中复合试剂处理的效果更佳。     

高温蒸汽处理对余甘子果汁贮藏期间的品质影响及褐变行为解析

为研究高温蒸汽预处理对余甘子果汁贮藏期间成分含量的影响及对褐变行为进行解析,将预处理后余甘子（D样）与未经预处理的余甘子（W样）榨汁灭菌,分别置于不同温度下贮藏42 d,测定贮藏过程中VC、总酚、5-羟甲基糠醛（5-hydroxymethyl furfural,5-HMF）、还原糖质量浓度和褐变度的变化,并采用通径分析法解析其褐变的主要原因。结果表明：不同贮藏条件下,高温蒸汽预处理可减缓贮藏过程中余甘子果汁的VC、总酚及总糖含量的损失,并降低5-HMF的生成量及果汁的褐变度,且低温贮藏更有利于果汁成分的保留。同时,高温蒸汽预处理改变了余甘子果汁贮藏过程中引起褐变的主要因素,在4 ℃贮藏条件下,W样中的总酚质量浓度对褐变度有最大的直接作用,总酚质量浓度和5-HMF质量浓度的交互作用是影响褐变度的首要因素;对于D样来说,5-HMF质量浓度对褐变度有最大的直接作用,5-HMF质量浓度和总酚质量浓度的交互作用是影响褐变度的首要因素。在25 ℃贮藏条件下,总酚质量浓度对W样和D样的褐变度均起首要作用,同时也是决定褐变度的首要因素。在37 ℃贮藏条件下,W样中的总酚质量浓度对褐变度有最大的直接作用,也是决定褐变度的首要因素;对于D样来说,VC质量浓度对褐变度有最大的直接作用,VC质量浓度和5-HMF质量浓度的交互作用是褐变度的首要因素。     

不同酵母多糖及酵母种类对荔枝酒品质的影响

通过添加不同酵母多糖发酵荔枝酒以及采用不同酵母菌种发酵酿制荔枝酒,分别研究酵母多糖种类、添加量、添加时间以及酵母种类对荔枝酒理化指标、感官品质的影响及防褐变效果。结果显示,在荔枝汁中添加250 mg/L Optired酵母多糖,发酵所得成品酒酒精度为12.8%vol,总酸、挥发酸等理化指标均符合国标,可显著提高荔枝酒感官品质,同时对荔枝汁中酚类物质有良好的保护作用,成品酒总酚含量提高35.9%,明显延缓其褐变进程,加速褐变后其褐变率下降156.2%。采用富产多糖的酵母发酵,其酿制的荔枝酒果香酒香浓郁协调,口感醇厚,圆润丰满,在贮藏过程中能有效保持香气、色泽、新鲜度等感官质量的稳定性,其中酵母BM4×4最为适宜。     

抗坏血酸处理对鲜切水晶梨营养成分及褐变的影响

采用0.025、0.05、0.075 mol/L3种不同浓度的抗坏血酸处理鲜切梨果实,研究其在10℃贮藏过程中的褐变及其营养物质的变化。结果表明,抗坏血酸处理能抑制鲜切梨果实PPO活性.减轻果蔬表面褐变程度,延缓果实的硬度和Vc含量的下降速度,提高鲜切梨果实的营养价值和外观品质。     

芋的贮藏与保鲜

由于芋水分含量高、酚类物质存在,整芋特别是鲜切芋的贮藏与保鲜很重要。我国常见芋艿品种的贮藏与保鲜技术,整芋的贮藏与保鲜涉及室内外贮藏差异、不同的贮存介质差异、不同的品种差异、不同的芋艿部位差异以及贮藏温度的要求;鲜切芋的贮藏与保鲜涉及不同的包装材料、不同的涂膜处理、不同的加工方法、不同的保鲜剂对鲜切芋艿的影响。为芋艿贮藏与保鲜开辟新蹊径提供新思路。     

五香大豆防褐变的研究

大豆中含有蛋白质和低聚糖,在一定条件下会发生羰氨反应,即美拉德反应.试验采用单因素和正交试验的方法,根据国家相关标准规范及试验的最终效果,确定五香大豆制品褐变抑制剂柠檬酸、亚硫酸钠、三聚磷酸钠的最佳用量.结果表明:柠檬酸为0.2％,三聚磷酸钠为0.45％,亚硫酸钠为0.01％时,所得的五香大豆制品置于50℃的恒温箱中培...     

龙眼菠萝复合果酒褐变抑制的研究

研究了龙眼菠萝复合果酒加工过程中原料配比、原料成熟度、抑制剂处理、杀菌条件对果酒褐变的抑制效果.结果表明:龙眼的配比越大、成熟度越大,果酒的褐变程度越大;杀菌温度90℃、杀菌时间20min、柠檬酸添加量0.3％时,对果酒有较好的褐变抑制效果,但抗坏血酸、半胱氨酸、CaCl2对该果酒的褐变抑制效果较差,不适宜用作龙眼菠萝复合果酒的褐变抑制剂.     

Free radical-scavenging activity of nonenzymatically-browned phospholipids produced in the reaction between phosphatidylethanolamine and ribose in hydrophobic media

The reaction of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ribose (RI) in olive oil was studied in an attempt to both explore the possibilities of producing Maillard reaction in hydrophobic media and analyse the antioxidant properties of the formed compounds. When oil samples containing PE/RI mixtures were heated at a temperature higher than 90 °C, the oil rapidly developed browning, fluorescence, and free radical-scavenging activity, which was higher than the developed by the oil in the absence of added compounds or in the presence of only either PE or RI. These changes were a consequence of the formation of Maillard reaction products in the oil by reaction between PE and RI. Among them, the N-alkylpyrrole derivatives produced in this reaction could be determined by GC–MS after transpyrrolisation. Differently to Maillard products formed between carbohydrates and amino acids, the products of the reaction with aminophospholipids are more hydrophobic and, therefore, better candidates to be employed as lipophilic antioxidants in food products. Because of the different polarity of Maillard products between carbohydrates and either amino acids or aminophospholipids, Maillard reaction can be a useful procedure to obtain a wide range of antioxidants with different polarities to be employed in different food systems.     

The recognition of high molecular weight melanoidins as the main components responsible for radical-scavenging capacity of unheated and heat-treated Canadian honeys

As the Maillard reaction is known to occur in heat-treated foods, unheated and heated honey samples were subjected to the activity-guided fractionation and size-exclusion chromatography to compare the degree of browning, radical scavenging activity (ORAC) and molecular size of the fractions obtained. Heat-treatment increased browning in the fractions of light- and medium-coloured honeys (p < 0.002), accelerated the formation of high molecular weight melanoidins (85–232 kDa) and significantly increased ORAC values (p < 0.0001). In contrast, melanoidin content and ORAC decreased in the fractions of heat-treated dark buckwheat honey (p < 0.001). Unheated dark honey contained a significantly higher amount of melanoidins than other honeys (p < 0.007). Together, results showed that at low initial concentration of melanoidins, heat-treatment accelerated formation of new melanoidins and increased ORAC, while at high concentration it caused decrease and a reduction of radical scavenging activity. This study emphasises the importance of non-enzymatic browning in the prediction of the antioxidant pool in thermally processed honeys.