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91.
本文应用三种不同晶形的溴碘化银乳剂(立方体、八面体和T-颗粒)和八种硫碳菁染料(大部分为内铵盐结构染料)进行了染料的聚集态的研究。试验结果表明,染料的J-聚集态的形成主要取决于染料的结构,其次依赖于卤化银的晶形。三种不同结构的表面活性剂对染料聚集态的形成均有影响,其中两性的表面活性剂最强,阴离子的表面活性剂次之,中性的表面活性剂最弱。二种中位甲基取代的硫碳菁染料的聚集态受表面活性剂影响最为明显,形成较强的J-态,而对其它六种染料的聚集态影响较小,J-聚集态稍有增强。 相似文献
92.
Chateau Marie-Elise Galet Laurence Soudais Yannick Fages Jacques 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2004,7(4):355-362
A new test was developed to assess the efficiency of no-wiping hard-surface cleaning. The test allows cleaner comparisons
according to their ability to remove greasy soils. The chosen approach minimizes the mechanical forces applied while cleaning
so that the interactions between a detergent solution and the soil to be removed can be characterized. For this, immersion
cleaning was chosen, with coated stainless steel as substrate and pigmented oils as the model soil. Several parameters were
studied in defined ranges using the Experimental Design method and systematic comparisons. The test shows high reliability
on degreasing assessments and is there-fore especially suited to optimization of nonionic surfactant mixes. The originality
of the test lies in the possibility of keeping a visual trace of the cleaned substrate appearance by imprinting it on a piece
of paper. The validation of the test leads to corroboration of several practical observations. Temperature and agitation play
a major role in cleaning efficiency. Detergent solution concentration is a more relevant parameter than pH. Sodium carbonate
is shown to have a higher buffering effect than pentahydrated sodium metasilicate. The test is easy to set up, highly sensitive,
and can be adapted to solve the problems encountered by formulators of detergent cleaners, such as screening the best ethoxylated
fatty alcohol mix for better degreasing properties. 相似文献
93.
太安的降静电表面处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了用表面活性剂处理太安的方法,对处理后的太安进行了静电性能测试和分析,得出最佳抗静电用表面活性剂的种类及使用浓度。实验结果表明。太安炸药经过表面活性剂处理后,其静电得到大幅度降低,有利于导爆索生产工艺与质量。 相似文献
94.
助乳化剂对化妆品乳液稳定性和液晶性的影响 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
以硬脂酸蔗糖酯和失水山梨醇硬脂酸酯的复配物(SSE)为主乳化剂,十六/十八醇及甘油为助乳化剂制备含液晶乳液化妆品。通过观察乳液的温度稳定性和液晶性,用三元相图研究助乳化剂含量对此乳液体系液区的影响。实验条件下,用该乳化剂体系可获得较好的液晶化妆品乳液,总之,较高的助乳化剂量有利于乳液的温度稳定性和液晶性,但助乳化剂量较低时经合理配方也能获得稳定的液晶乳液,其中含3%高碳醇和5%甘油的乳液稳定性及液晶性均较好,5%高碳醇和3%甘油的助乳化剂体系不宜采用。 相似文献
95.
96.
Formulating middle-phase microemulsions using mixed anionic and cationic surfactant systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T.?Doan E.?Acosta J.?F.?Scamehorn D.?A.?SabatiniEmail author 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2003,6(3):215-224
Although mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants can show great synergism, their potential to precipitate and form liquid
crystals has limited their use. Previous studies have shown that alcohol addition can prevent liquid crystal formation, thereby
allowing formation of middle-phase microemulsions with mixed anionic-cationic systems. This research investigates the role
of surfactant selection in designing alcohol-free anionic-cationic microemulsions. Microemulsion phase behavior was studied
for three anionic-cationic surfactant systems and three oils of widely varying hydrophobicity [trichloroethylene (TCE), hexane,
and n-hexadecane]. Consistent with our hypothesis, using a branched surfactant and surfactants with varying tail length allowed
us to form alcohol-free middle-phase microemulsion using mixed anionic-cationic systems (i.e., liquid crystals did not form).
The anionic to cationic molar ratio required to form middle-phase microemulsions approached 1∶1 for univalent surfactants
as oil hydrophobicity increased (i.e., TCE to hexane to n-hexadecane); even for these equimolar systems, liquid crystal formation was avoided. To test the use of these anionic-cationic
surfactant mixtures in surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation, we performed soil column studies: Greater than 95% of the
oil was extracted in 2.5 pore volumes using an anionic-rich surfactant system. By contrast, cationic-rich systems performed
very poorly (<1% oil removal), reflecting significant losses of the cationic-rich surfactant system in the porous media. The
results thus suggest that, when properly designed, anionic-rich mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants can be efficient
for environmental remediation. By corollary, other industrial applications and consumer products should also find these mixtures
advantageous. 相似文献
97.
碘光谱法测定非离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
考察了碘光谱法测定非离子表面活性剂在水溶液中的临界胶束浓度(cmc)的影响因素。欲得正确结果,须将碘-胶束溶液(不同浓度)放置,待碘的分配达到平衡(例如24h)后再进行测定,这样测得TritonX-100、TritonX-305和单分散的纯化合物C12H25O(C2H4O)6H的cmc分别为2.4×10-4、3.5×10-4和8.4×10-5mol·dm-3,与文献中用表面张力法测得的结果一致。若按Ross和Oliver将预先配好的溶液稀释后1小时内测定的方法,则所得结果偏低。只要测定时碘-胶束溶液已达平衡,则碘浓度在4~12mg/100ml范围内对cmc的测定结果无明显的影响。文献中提到的碘浓度对cmc测定值的影响可能是由于碘的分配未达平衡所致。 相似文献
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