表面活性剂HLB值对炭黑色浆分散稳定性的影响

考察了表面活性剂的亲水疏水平衡值(HLB)及添加量对色浆中炭黑润湿、分散及稳定性的影响,借助等效润湿接触角法、润湿热法、分散函数、稳定函数法和理想化模型法等对色浆体系稳定性进行了评价,并对稳定机理进行了分析. 结果表明,无论是引入单一型表面活性剂还是复配型表面活性剂,只有当体系的HLB值与炭黑的HLB值接近时,才能达到良好的润湿、分散与稳定效果;复配表面活性剂对炭黑分散效果优于单一型表面活性剂;阴离子与非离子表面活性剂复配的分散效果明显优于非离子与非离子表面活性剂复配;添加5.0wt%表面活性剂时体系分散稳定性最佳;基于吸附层理论与结合力理论较好地解释了表面活性剂存在最佳HLB值和添加量的原因.     

3-双(辛酰胺乙基)氨基-2-羟基-1-丙基磺酸钠表面活性剂的合成及性能

以正辛酸、二乙烯三胺、环氧氯丙烷和亚硫酸钠为主要原料合成了一种氨基磺酸盐型两性表面活性剂3-双(辛酰胺乙基)氨基-2-羟基-1-丙基磺酸钠(BHS),用红外光谱、质谱和核磁共振谱图确证了产物的结构。该表面活性剂水溶液性能测试结果表明:25℃时临界胶束浓度(cmc)为5.2×10^-4mol/L,最低水/空气界面张力(γ_cmc)低至24mN/m.加入0.1mol/L NaCl后,cmc减小至4.7×10^-4mol/L,γ_cmc降低至23.7mN/m.升高温度,cmc增加,γ_cmc下降。BHS的润湿性、乳化性能优于双辛酰胺乙基丙烷磺酸钠表面活性剂。     

表面活性剂耦合离子液体对稻秆酶解糖化的影响

酶解糖化是木质纤维素材料制备生物质乙醇的关键环节,因此提高稻秆等木质纤维素材料的酶解糖化效率具有重要意义。以稻秆为原料,采用表面活性剂耦合离子液体为预处理方法,考察预处理温度、时间、表面活性剂的添加比例对稻秆酶解的影响。结果表明,预处理温度为110℃、时间为60 min、表面活性剂添加比例为1%,稻秆的酶解效果最佳,与单独离子液体处理的稻秆相比,纤维转化率可提高8%～15%。同时分别通过稻秆成分分析、FTIR、XRD、SEM等对预处理前后的稻秆结构进行表征,证实预处理后酶解效率提高的合理性。     

稠油水包油型乳状液表观黏度的影响因素及预测模型

通过单因素实验,系统分析了两性/非离子复配表面活性剂含量、无机/有机复配碱含量、含油率、搅拌速率、乳化温度对稠油水包油(O/W)型乳状液表观黏度的影响。在单因素实验基础上,进行了六因素三水平的正交实验,并应用SPSS软件进行方差分析及非线性回归,进一步分析各因素对乳状液表观黏度影响的显著程度,得到稠油O/W型乳状液的表观黏度预测模型,进而从理论上分析了各因素对乳状液表观黏度的影响规律。结果表明,随着复配表面活性剂含量的增加,乳状液表观黏度增大;复配碱对乳状液表观黏度的影响具有双重性,既能促使界面上活性物质发生电离,又能压缩扩散双电层,结果取决于两者的相互竞争;随着含油率的增加,乳状液表观黏度增大;搅拌速率在500~1000 r/min范围内,随着搅拌速率的增加,乳状液表观黏度增大,在1000~1500 r/min〖JP〗范围内,表观黏度变化不大;乳化温度升高导致乳状液表观黏度降低。稠油O/W型乳状液的表观黏度预测模型预测的表观黏度与实验结果吻合。     

Gemini表面活性剂的杀菌性能

采用双子表面活性剂16—4—16、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵1227、异噻唑啉酮3种杀菌剂杀灭回注水中的硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）、铁细菌（FB）及腐生菌（TGB）3种细菌,并用绝迹稀释法对杀菌前后菌数进行测定。实验结果表明,杀菌剂双子表面活性剂和杀菌剂1227的杀菌效率均达到企业标准,且杀菌剂双子表面活性剂的杀菌效率达到99％以上,具有良好的耐药性,可将杀菌剂1227与杀菌剂双子表面活性剂交替应用于现场。     

碱／表面活性剂二元复合驱提高普通稠油采收率室内实验研究

针对辽河油区普通稠油锦45块于Ⅱ油层油藏条件,在室内进行了碱／表面活性剂二元复合驱提高原油采收率实验研究。实验筛选出2种碱剂Na2CO3和NaOH,从6种表面活性剂中优选出分别适合于强碱NaOH和弱碱Na2CO3的2种表面活性剂为QYJ-7和J90;考察了碱与表面活性剂之间的最佳协同效应用量范围,碱／表面活性剂组成的最佳复合驱油体系分别为0．2％J90＋1．1％Na2CO3和0．3％QYJ-7＋0．5％NaOH;筛选出的复合体系使水与原油间的界面张力都达到10^-3mN／m数量级以下,室内驱油试验表明,注入段塞体积0．3PV时,驱油效率皆提高20％以上,地层温度下放置30d,体系与原油间的界面张力在10^-2-10^-3mN／m范围,变化不大,表现出较好的长期热稳定性。     

Immunochromatographic assay using gold nanoparticles for measuring salivary secretory IgA in dogs as a stress marker

Abstract

The concentration of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is a well-known stress marker for humans. The concentration of salivary sIgA in dogs has also been reported as a useful stress marker. In addition, salivary sIgA in dogs has been used to determine the adaptive ability of dogs for further training. There are conventional procedures based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring salivary sIgA in dogs. However, ELISA requires long assay time, complicated operations and is costly. In the present study, we developed an immunochromatographic assay for measuring salivary sIgA in dogs using a dilution buffer containing a non-ionic surfactant. We determined 2500-fold dilution as the optimum condition for dog saliva using a phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.2) containing non-ionic surfactant (3 wt% Tween 20). The results obtained from the saliva samples of three dogs using immunochromatographic assay were compared with those obtained from ELISA. It was found that the immunochromatographic assay is applicable to judge the change in salivary sIgA in each dog. The immunochromatographic assay for salivary sIgA in dogs is a promising tool, which should soon become commercially available for predicting a dog's psychological condition and estimating adaptive ability for training as guide or police dogs.     

Structural characterization of novel gemini non-viral DNA delivery systems for cutaneous gene therapy

The structural and physicochemical properties of novel cationic lipid-based DNA complexes have been investigated for the purpose of designing micro/nano-scale self-assembling delivery systems for cutaneous gene therapy. DNA/gemini surfactant (spacer n?=?3–16; chain m?=?12 or 16) complexes (1?:?10 charge ratio), with or without dioleoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DOPE), designed for cellular transfection, were generally in the range of 100–200?nm as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy and particle size analysis. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicated that the DNA/gemini complexes lacked long-range order, whereas DNA/gemini/DOPE complexes exhibited lamellar and polymorphic phases other than hexagonal. Correlation studies using transfection efficiency data in PAM 212 keratinocytes and in vitro skin absorption indicated that formulations containing gemini surfactants having the ability to induce structures other than lamellar in the resulting complexes, generally exhibited greater transfection activity and cutaneous absorption.     

结合新型高效表面活性剂APG的超声波喷雾降尘技术

将新型高效表面活性剂APG与超声波喷雾降尘技术结合起来,可极大提高降尘效果。2101工作面采用此项技术后,采煤时的粉尘浓度平均降到85.6 mg/m3,降尘效率达到86.7%,可有效抑制粉尘浓度,且APG是可生物降解的,对矿工皮肤没有刺激性。     

浅析综采工作面降尘技术的应用发展

针对综采工作面产尘强度大的技术难题,对煤矿降尘技术发展现状和现有除尘研究进行了分析,基于空气动力学原理,提出采用超声波喷雾降尘技术可提高降尘的效果;基于润湿降尘机理,采用表面活性剂对粉尘的捕捉效果更明显,降尘效果更为显著。同时将表面活性剂润湿降尘与超声波喷雾降尘技术结合起来的新型综合降尘技术,对综采工作面的降尘具有一定的参考价值。