烯烃加成法合成烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐

实验以烯烃加成法,经烯丙基化、磺化二步反应合成了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐.在烯丙基化过程中,分别以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和聚乙二醇为催化剂,得到产率不同的中间体烯丙基醚;在磺化过程中,以烯烃加成反应,以亚硫酸氢盐-亚硫酸盐为磺化剂,硝酸盐为催化剂,或以添加产物为催化剂,得到产率不同的磺酸盐.讨论了二步反应中使用不同催化剂产...     

对称双季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及性能

实验以十二烷基二甲基叔胺和1,4-二溴丁烷为原料,以异丙醇为溶剂,合成了对称双季铵盐表面活性剂二溴化-N,N′-二(二甲基十二烷基)丁二铵。采用红外光谱、核磁共振对产物的结构进行了表征。最佳合成条件为:n(十二烷基二甲基叔胺):n(1,4-二溴丁烷)=2.2:1.0、以异丙醇为溶剂,在回流温度85℃时反应12h,收率可达68.8%。     

基于表面活性技术的温拌沥青混合料应用研究

温拌技术是指采用新工艺或者新材料,实现原材料相同条件下拌和温度与压实温度的降低,同时做到保留或者改善热拌沥青混合料原有性能的沥青混合料拌和技术。主要介绍国内外应用较为广泛的基于表面活性剂,即采用直投式DAT温拌添加剂实现温拌的沥青混合料生产工艺,并结合工程实例,分析温拌技术的实践效果。以期待对温拌技术应用提供科学的参考建议,并促进节能减排低碳环保的温拌沥青混合料更好地发展。     

一株石油烃降解菌纺锤芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其降解率环境影响因素研究

A hydrocarbon degrading bacterium KL2-13 was isolated from ten sites of oil contaminated soil in the Karamay oilfield. It was identified as the Bacillus fusiformis sp. bacterium based on its morphological and physiological characteristics and the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The factors influencing the hydrocarbon degradation by the bacterium KL2-13 were determined. The test results have showed that the hydrocarbon degrading bacterium KL2-13 requires an optimum pH range of 6-8, and the optimum inoculation quantity is 3%. The low-concentration metal ions Fe2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ can improve the degradation ability of the bacteria KL2-13.Atoo low concentration of Tween-80 does not show obvious promotion to the de- grading bacterium KL2-13, and an excessively high concentration can decrease the degradation ability of the bacterium, the best dosage of which is 2%. The hydrocarbon degrading rate reached 59.07%±0.37% under the optimum culture conditions.     

有机硅表面活性剂的研究动态及其应用

简单介绍一下有机硅表面活性剂的研究动态，并叙述其在各领域的应用情况。     

Competitive Adsorption Between Sodium Caseinate and Oil-Soluble and Water-Soluble Surfactants in Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Competitive adsorption between sodium caseinate and either a water-soluble surfactant, Tween 60 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate—PSM) or an oil-soluble surfactant, Span 60 (sorbitan monostearate—SM) was studied in oil-in-water emulsions. Surfactants were present during homogenization. Surface concentration of protein in freshly prepared emulsions decreased as concentration of PSM or SM increased. However, only partial displacement of protein was observed with either surfactant. The reduction in protein surface concentration was greater in the presence of PSM. Interfacial protein composition was independent of surfactant type. In the absence of surfactant, preferential adsorption of β-casein occured in emulsions containing ≤1.0 wt % protein. On addition of surfactant preference for β-casein at the interface was reduced.     

表面活性剂在纳米材料研究中的应用

综述了表面活性剂在纳米材料的制备、纳米粉体的分散以及在纳米材料的透射电镜检测法等方面的应用，说明了表面活性剂与纳米材料千丝万缕的联系，展示了表面活性剂在纳米材料领域广阔的应用前景。     

Sugar Ester Surfactants: Enzymatic Synthesis and Applications in Food Industry

Sugar esters are non-ionic surfactants that can be synthesized in a single enzymatic reaction step using lipases. The stability and efficiency of lipases under unusual conditions and using non-conventional media can be significantly improved through immobilization and protein engineering. Also, the development of de novo enzymes has seen a significant increase lately under the scope of the new field of synthetic biology. Depending on the esterification degree and the nature of fatty acid and/or sugar, a range of sugar esters can be synthesized. Due to their surface activity and emulsifying capacity, sugar esters are promising for applications in food industry.     

双子阳离子表面活性剂对亚麻织物染色性能的影响

以含酯基季铵盐双子表面活性剂（DLEA）作助剂对亚麻织物用活性染料进行染色，活性黄M-3RE的上染百分率、固色率均达85％以上．对比试验证明：DLEA处理亚麻织物的染色性能优于传统阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB），上染百分率、固色率均提高约10％．     

油酰肌氨酸钠合成反应中产率的测定

用肖顿-鲍曼(Schottert-Bamnamm)缩合反应法合成油酰肌氨酸钠。用吸附薄层色谱分离并制备组分，计算油酰肌氨酸钠的产率。结果表明：用石油醚：无水乙醚：冰乙酸=10：10：1(V／V)分离产物中的组分，再用无水乙醇。四氯化碳=35：15(V／V)混合溶剂洗脱制备油酸组分，进而计算油酰肌氨酸钠的产率是可行的。与用气相色谱法测定的结果比较，相对误差为4．8％。