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81.
浅谈建筑企业施工项目部的成本控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
指出控制工程项目的直接费用要从“四算对比”入手,介绍了施工项目的成本分析方法,阐述了施工项目内部控制的主要措施,以确保施工成本控制在计划成本范围内。 相似文献
82.
A novel MINLP-based representation of the original complex model for predicting gasoline emissions 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) requirements as a measure to reduce emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles in certain geographic areas. As part of this effort, the EPA developed empirical models for predicting emissions as a function of gasoline properties and established statutory baseline emissions from a representative set of gasolines. All reformulated gasoline requires certification via this model, known as the Complex Model, and all refiners and importers calculate emissions performance reductions from the statutory baseline gasoline. The current representation of the Complex Model is extremely difficult to implement within refinery operations models or to use in combination with models for designer gasoline. RFG and boutique fuels are key driving forces in the North American refining industry.The RFG models introduce increasingly complex constraints with the major limitation that they are implicitly defined through a series of complicated disjunctions assembled by the EPA in the form of spreadsheets. This implicit and cumbersome representation of the emissions predictive models renders rigorous optimization and sensitivity analysis very difficult to address directly. In this paper, we discuss how the federal government requirements for reformulated gasoline can be restated as a set of mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) constraints with the aid of disjunctive programming techniques. We illustrate the use of this model with two simple example fuel blending problems. 相似文献
83.
介绍了一个计算机远程控制系统的设计与实现,该系统采用客户机/服务器模式,实现远程屏幕的实时传输,采用LZW压缩算法对图像进行压缩传输,在接受方进行解码并且实现了远程文件创建和删除、显示被控制端的主机信息、发送实时消息等功能。采用鼠标,键盘的模拟方式对计算机进行实时控制。 相似文献
84.
Alia-Klein Nelly; Goldstein Rita Z.; Tomasi Dardo; Zhang Lei; Fagin-Jones Stephanie; Telang Frank; Wang Gene-Jack; Fowler Joanna S.; Volkow Nora D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,7(4):735
Reports an error in "What is in a word? No versus Yes differentially engage the lateral orbitofrontal cortex" by Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z. Goldstein, Dardo Tomasi, Lei Zhang, Stephanie Fagin-Jones, Frank Telang, Gene-Jack Wang, Joanna S. Fowler and Nora D. Volkow (Emotion, 2007[Aug], Vol 7[3], 649-659). The supplemental materials link should appear as follows: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.649.supp. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2007-11660-018.) The words "No" and "Yes" are involved in conditioning to prohibit or encourage behavior, respectively. The authors, therefore, hypothesized that these words would be attributed to endogenous valence, activating neuronal circuits involved with valence and emotional control. Functional MRI (fMRI) at 4 Tesla was used to record regional brain activity while participants were exposed to emphatic vocalizations of the words. Results showed that No and Yes were associated with opposite brain-behavior responses; while No was negatively valenced, produced slower response times, and evoked a negative signal in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Yes was positively valenced, produced faster response times, and evoked a positive signal in a contiguous region of the OFC. Attribution of negative valence to No and trait anger control were associated with increased responsivity of the OFC to No. Inasmuch as sensitivity to the prohibitive command No develops during childhood through interaction with primary caregivers as the first social objects, our findings may implicate the lateral OFC in the neurobiology of emotion regulation and subsequent social development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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87.
影响混凝土强度的因素及控制措施 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
分析了水泥强度等级、水灰比和骨料质量等内因,及施工条件、养护温度、湿度、龄期等外因对混凝土强度的影响,并提出了控制混凝土强度的相应措施,以确保混凝土强度符合设计及施工要求,从而保证建筑物结构安全。 相似文献
88.
Ahmadreza Momeni Amir G. Aghdam 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2007,21(10):885-910
Most of the existing switching control techniques are developed specifically for finite-dimensional linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. In many practical applications, however, it is essential to take time delay into consideration in the modelling as the control system can be highly sensitive to delay. In this paper, a multi-model switching control algorithm is proposed for retarded time-delay systems. It is assumed that the plant is represented by a family of known multi-input multi-output, observable, LTI models with multiple delays in the states, and that corresponding to each model in the known family, there exists a high-performance finite-dimensional LTI controller. In addition, it is supposed that a bound on the magnitude of the external inputs and disturbances is available. It is then shown that the proposed switching controller can stabilize the uncertain system, and that under some mild conditions, output tracking can be achieved in the given problem setting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
89.
从控制和保证压力容器类焊接产品质量角度出发,通过分析其在制造过程中每道工序可能出现的质量问题,总结出这类产品在制造过程质量分析的要领及内容,提出了质量控制的关键,为制定焊接检验方案提供依据。 相似文献
90.