Rate of adsorption to and desorption from a langmuir surface: The case of zero activation barrier to adsorption without dissociation

Many rate constants of elementary steps on single crystals have been measured. Their pre-exponential factors can now be compared to those calculated by transition state theory. Such a calculation is presented in this Letter with due attention to microscopic reversibility, standard states, and configurational entropy.     

煤尘爆炸特征参数影响因素研究

采用20L球形爆炸装置研究了煤尘粒径、浓度、点火能量对煤尘爆炸最大压力、爆炸最大压力上升速率的影响。研究结果表明,在煤尘粒径一定的条件下,随着煤尘浓度的增大,爆炸最大压力及爆炸最大压力上升速率先增大后减小,煤尘浓度在400~480g/m3之间取得爆炸最大压力最大值0.94MPa、爆炸最大压力上升速率最大值28.79MPa/s;在煤尘浓度一定的条件下,爆炸最大压力不随煤尘粒径的减小而单调变化,爆炸最大压力上升速率随煤尘粒径的减小而逐渐增大;随着点火能量的增大,爆炸最大压力及爆炸最大压力上升速率明显增加。     

Effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir on vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration and estimation accuracy of depth-average concentration in downstream reaches

The sediment regime in the middle Yangtze River has been significantly changed from quasi-equilibrium to nonequilibrium since the impoundment of the Three Georges Reservoir (TGR). To understand the effects of the TGR on vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and estimation accuracy of mean concentration, vertical sediment concentration and flow velocity data at the Shashi and Jianli hydrological stations in the reach before and after the impoundment were collected. Comparisons and analysis of vertical profiles of SSC before and after the TGR impoundment show that after the impoundment of the TGR, due to the coarsening of sediment particle size, the reduction in sediment load, and the significant decrease in sediment saturation, the vertical distribution of SSC in the downstream reaches became more uneven under medium and low water flows, which was reflected in the vertical gradient and the fluctuation degree of SSC significantly increased. In addition, the depth-average sediment concentrations were calculated by the selected-point method and the mean values calculated by the “multi-point method” were regarded as the “true mean” to evaluate the accuracy of the mean value calculated by the “few-point method.” It was found that the relative errors for the selected-point method were mainly positive before impoundment but mainly negative after impoundment. Additionally, the correction factors of one-point, two-point, and three-point methods and the position of the near-bed substituted point for the five-point method were given to reduce the error when the point measurements were used to calculate the depth-average sediment concentration in the downstream reaches.     

照片数量对SfM动床河工模型地形三维重构的影响研究

SfM是摄影测量领域近年来飞速发展的三维场景重构技术,目前已在地貌勘测、文物勘察、冰川演化、岩石勘探、土壤侵蚀等研究领域开展了大量尝试和应用,而在河工模型方面的应用研究尚处于起步阶段。本文开展了输入照片数量对SfM法动床河工模型地形三维数字高程地形(DEM)重构精度影响研究,采用4个不同视角对河工模型动床冲淤地形进行拍摄,选取不同数量照片作为输入开展SfM法三维地形DEM重构,然后将每组DEM重构结果与传统测针法测量进行对比。结果表明,当照片数量较少时,增加照片数量可改善SfM重构精度,但当照片数量较多时,虽可为SfM提供更多的床面变化图像信息,但同时带来由于特征点成像变化而引起的误匹配现象,反而可能导致SfM重构精度下降。鉴于不同动床模型的模型沙和光照等外部条件不同,实际应用时须针对不同模型的特点进行深入对比和分析,选取合理的照片张数开展SfM法动床冲淤地形测量。     

中国信息服务业空间集聚研究

通过产业集聚的EG指数对中国各省份信息服务业的空间集聚程度进行研究,得出集聚程度比较显著.在此基础上,找到这一服务业的两个相关指标,利用产业集中度CRn判断出信息服务业主要集中于北京、广东等六个地区,然后对两指标数据进行无量纲化处理,加权求和得到新的综合指标,最后对这一新指标进行了系统聚类分析,得知这一产业主要集中在北京和广东两个地区.     

压裂泵液力端阀箱内腔结构优化研究

压裂泵液力端阀箱内腔在加工完成后会自然形成相贯线,该相贯线位置存在严重的应力集中问题。这些位置也是液力端阀箱常见的开裂位置,虽然通过相贯线倒圆角的方式可以减小应力集中程度,但是应力减小的幅度不是十分明显。针对此问题,通过有限元仿真对比的方式进行了阀箱内腔优化研究,提出了减小阀箱内腔应力集中程度的技术方案,同时提出了应用该方案时应注意的一些问题。研究结果对于提高压裂泵液力端使用寿命及优化压裂泵液力端设计具有一定的指导意义。     

管理史对MBA的边际效用

近年来 ,我国MBA的社会评价不高 ,其根本原因是MBA毕业生不能满足市场要求。本文通过分析管理史的功能 ,得出学习管理史对MBA的边际效用大 ,MBA培养方案中有必要增设管理史类的课程。     

含B2O3渣系的热力学计算模型

根据炉渣结构的共存理论和相图，推导了ＣａＯＢ２Ｏ３和ＦｅＯＦｅ２Ｏ３Ｂ２Ｏ３渣系的热力学计算模型。结果表明：（１）理论计算的ＣａＯＢ２Ｏ３渣系的作用浓度ＮＣａＯ及ＮＢ２Ｏ３与实测的活度ａＣａＯ及ａＢ２Ｏ３一致；（２）理论计算的ＦｅＯＦｅ２Ｏ３Ｂ２Ｏ３渣系的氧化能力ＮＦｅｔＯ与实测的炉渣ＦｅｔＯ的活度值相符合。这说明本文提出的热力学计算模型是合理的。     

某城区排涝泵站设计流量计算方法初探

采用平均排除法、最大24 h雨型洪水流量时程分配法和产流汇流法3种方法分别计算了某城区电排站的设计流量,并将3种方法的计算结果进行对比分析,选用合适电排站的设计流量,可为类似工程设计流量的确定提供参考。     

Downstream Ecological Impacts of Controlled Sediment Flushing in an Alpine Valley River: A Case Study

Sediment flushing may be effective to tackle the loss of reservoir storage as a result of siltation. When operationally possible, the impact of this practice on the downstream aquatic environment can be mitigated by limiting the sediment concentration of the discharged waters (controlled sediment flushing). However, this topic is poorly documented, and concerns arise when limits are discussed. We present the results of a 3‐year field investigation concerning the controlled sediment flushing of a small reservoir on the Adda River, the main tributary of Lake Como—Italy. Two limits for suspended solid concentration (SSC) were adopted: 1.5 g L^?1, as average value throughout the whole working day, and 3.0 g L^?1, as alert threshold to adjust the ongoing activity. These constraints were essentially fulfilled in the course of the documented operations. The first year sediment flushing was more significant than the following year: 25 000 tons of fines below 2 mm in diameter were flushed in six non‐consecutive days in summer 2010, while, one year earlier, 75 000 tons were flushed in 16 non‐consecutive days. In the third year of investigation (2011), no sediment evacuation took place. The benthic macroinvertebrate and the fish communities were surveyed a short distance below the reservoir, that is, in the potentially more affected river reach. Clear pieces of evidence of environmental quality degradation were not detected; the adopted strategies can therefore be considered to be appropriate when planning sediment flushing management in comparable contexts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.