添加剂对铝酸钠溶液晶种分解过程附聚及二次成核的影响

研究了添加剂I₃、I₃₂和I₃₃对铝酸钠溶液分解过程附聚和二次成核的影响,探讨了其作用机理,并利用电子显微镜（SEM）对产品的结晶形貌进行了观察.结果表明,添加剂的应用促进了不同颗粒间附聚的进行,提高了附聚颗粒的临界半径,并有效抑制了二次成核的发生.添加剂I₃₃在40 ml•L^-1时,附聚产物小于30 μm的细粒子个数分数降低26.1％,平均粒度增加21.08 μm（相对空白样）.晶体形貌分析表明,添加剂促进了晶体间的交互生长.     

Al-35%La合金定向凝固组织的形成机理及力学性能

研究了Al-35%La合金定向凝固组织的形貌特征、形成条件及其力学性能。结果表明:在定向凝固Al-35%La合金试样中,枝晶是成分沿其主干方向呈周期变化的双相组织。各定向凝固试样的力学性能测试发现:压缩性能较好,硬度值较高。分析了Al-35%La合金周期性双相枝晶的形成条件,说明一定强度的对流在枝晶形核与长大中起到促进溶质交换,带走结晶潜热的作用。由此认为,一定强度的对流促进了Al-35%La合金液中两相的交替形核和生长,最终在合金中形成周期性双相枝晶组织。     

湿H2气氛下CGO硅钢初次再结晶织构演变行为

通过对湿H2气氛下,相同退火温度、不同退火时间的CGO硅钢初次再结晶样品进行金相组织观察,并进行了EBSD微观织构分析,研究了CGO硅钢初次再结晶过程中的组织及再结晶织构演变行为。结果表明,在湿H2气氛下,820℃保温,CGO硅钢初次再结晶过程约在120 s时完成。随着退火时间的延长,γ面上{111}<112>织构含量逐渐减少,{111}<110>织构先减少后增多,随着再结晶的完成,部分{111}<112>取向晶粒向高斯{110}<001>取向转化的同时,也向{111}<110>取向转化,高斯{110}<001>织构含量逐渐增多。高斯取向晶粒较多是由{111}<112>取向晶粒转化而来,同时也证明了CGO硅钢高斯取向晶粒的二次再结晶异常长大生长机制为择优形核。     

Concurrent nucleation, formation and growth of two intermetallic compounds (Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn) during the early stages of lead-free soldering

This study investigates the concurrent nucleation, formation and growth of two intermetallic compounds (IMCs), Cu₆Sn₅ (η) and Cu₃Sn (ε), during the early stages of soldering in the Cu-Sn system. The nucleation, formation and growth of the IMC layers is simulated through a multiphase-field model [1] and [2] in which the concurrent nucleation of both IMC phases is considered to be a stochastic Poisson process with nucleation rates calculated from classical nucleation theory [3]. CALPHAD thermodynamic models are used to calculate the local contributions to the free energy of the system and the driving forces for precipitation of the IMC phases. The nucleation parameters of the η phase are estimated from experimental results [4] and those of the ε phase are assumed to be similar. A parametric investigation of the effects of model parameters (e.g. grain boundary (GB) diffusion rates, interfacial and GB energies) on morphological evolution and IMC layer growth rate is presented and compared with previous works in which nucleation was ignored [5]. In addition, the resulting growth rates are compared with the available literature and it is found that, for a certain range in the model parameters, the agreement is quite satisfactory. This work provides valuable insight into the dominant mechanisms for mass transport as well as morphological evolution and growth of IMC layers during early stages of Pb-free soldering.     

Mechanisms of enhanced heterogeneous nucleation during solidification in binary Al-Mg alloys

The mechanisms involved in the grain refinement of Al-Mg alloys through varying the Mg content and applying intensive melt shearing were investigated. It was found that the oxide formed in Al-Mg alloys under normal melting conditions is MgAl₂O₄, which displays an equiaxed and faceted morphology with {1 1 1} planes exposed as its natural surfaces. Depending on the Mg content, MgAl₂O₄ particles exist either as oxide films in dilute Al-Mg alloys (Mg < 1 wt.%) or as naturally dispersed discrete particles in more concentrated Al-Mg alloys (Mg > 1 wt.%). Such MgAl₂O₄ particles can act as potent sites for nucleation of α-Al grains, which is evidenced by the well-defined cube-on-cube orientation relationship between MgAl₂O₄ and α-Al. Enhanced heterogeneous nucleation in Al-Mg alloys can be attributed to the high potency of MgAl₂O₄ particles with a lattice misfit of 1.4% and the increased number density of MgAl₂O₄ particles due to either natural dispersion by the increased Mg content or forced dispersion through intensive melt shearing. It was also found that intensive melt shearing leads to significant grain refinement of dilute Al-Mg alloys by effective dispersion of the MgAl₂O₄ particles entrapped in oxide films, but it has marginal effect on the grain refinement of concentrated Al-Mg alloys, where MgAl₂O₄ particles have been naturally dispersed into individual particles by the increased Mg content.     

Deformation and failure in nodular cast iron

Ductile failure in nodular cast iron is explored through uniaxial tension and notched tension experiments. Specimens obtained through tests interrupted at various stages of deformation and failure evolution were examined through quantitative microscopy to discern the mechanisms of failure and to quantitatively evaluate the local strain evolution. Fractographic observations were used to identify the onset and evolution of damage processes during the deformation and failure of nodular cast iron. These tests and observations reveal that void growth and coalescence occurred only within a narrow localized band, whose size is comparable with the size of the graphite nodules; no statistically significant changes in the porosity were observed outside this zone.     

Effect of substrate micro-morphology on heterogeneous nucleation

The heterogeneous nucleation process of NH4Cl crystals from a NH4Cl-70wt.%H2O solution on rough chilling substrates was considered in this paper. Scratched and etched substrates of aluminum were prepared with different surface morphologies. It was concluded that for nucleation to occur on a rough substrate surface, the wettability or the generally said roughness are not the key factors affecting the heterogeneous nucleation process. Rather the surface morphologies on the nanometer scale, which is close to the scale of the critical nucleation radius, are more important.     

深过冷Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金的凝固特性研究

对熔融玻璃净化后深过冷Ni-21.4%Si（原子分数,下同）共晶合金的凝固特性进行了实验研究,并对其均质形核过冷度进行了理论预测.结果发现,采用熔融玻璃净化可使Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金获得318 K的过冷度.理论计算表明,此过冷度达到了Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金的均质形核过冷度.Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金凝固特性与过冷度△T有关:当过冷度小于250 K时,冷却曲线有2个再辉峰,其中当过冷度小于206 K时,凝固组织由Ni3Si相和规则共晶组成,当过冷度在206 K到250 K之间时,凝固组织由α-Ni相和规则共晶组成;过冷度大于250 K后,冷却曲线只有1个再辉峰,凝固组织为反常共晶.过冷度会影响初生相Ni3Si的生长方式.随着过冷度的增大,初生相Ni₃Si的生长会由小平面生长方式转为非小平面生长方式.     

钛渣中TiO2作晶核剂对玻璃晶化的影响

制备了以钛渣和铁尾矿为主要原料,以钛渣兼作晶核剂的微晶玻璃材料,研究了Ｔｉ２含量变化对玻璃晶化的影响。采用ＤＴＡ,ＳＥＭ,ＸＲＤ等技术对该体系的晶化机理进行探讨。结果表明,当ＴｉＯ２含量小于１０％时仅产生表面晶化。而当ＴｉＯ２含量为１０％时可发生整体晶化,其活化能为１９０．６ｋｊ．ｍｏｌ＾－１,动力学参数ｍ＝３,晶体从晶界面呈三维生长。ＴｉＯ２、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３能共同促进晶化,晶体从相界面处生长,析出的     

EFFECTS OF NUCLEATION AGENTS ON EFFICIENCY OF BORON EXTRACTION FROM MgO－B_2O_3－SiO_2 SLAGS

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