大冶硫酸四系列干吸塔结构特点

以干燥塔为例，介绍大冶公司硫酸四系列干吸塔的结构特点。除捕沫层简体及出气管为316L不锈钢外，其余塔体均为碳钢内衬瓷砖结构。塔底为球形底，中心排酸。采用槽管式分酸器，分酸点密度为43个/m^2，设可调闸板以保证各槽酸量均匀；闸板外设置带孔板的分布板，以消除进口酸的冲击，保证槽内酸液面平稳。比较了该塔与常规塔的不同之处，强调了设备节点的优化设计。     

苯乙酸合成新工艺

应用氯化钴和低价含硫化合物低压合成四羰基钴盐的技术于氯苄羰化合成苯乙酸的生产工艺中。结果表明甲醇水溶剂系统有利于低压合成四羰基钴盐；氢氧化钙作中和剂使用，要求羰化产物后处理的温度提高，以保证苯乙酸的产率；碱的用量和浓度是影响苯乙酸产率的重要因素。     

托普索法乙酸生产新工艺

扼要介绍托普索公司（ＨａｌｄｅｒＴｏｐｓφｅＡ／Ｂ）新开发成功的以合成气为原料直接生产乙酸新工艺。提出以渣油或沥青为原料加压气化制合成气直接合成乙酸的技术路线。论述新工艺与甲醇羰基化工艺比较在技术上与经济上的独特优点     

磷钨酸／硅胶催化剂催化合成环己酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮

以溶胶-凝胶法制备的磷钨酸／硅胶为催化剂、通过环己酮和1，2-丙二醇反应合成了环己酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮，探讨磷钨酸／硅胶对缩酮反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了酮醇量比、催化剂用量、反应时间、带水剂用量对产品收率的影响。实验表明：磷钨酸／硅胶是合成环己酮1-2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在门（酮）：门（醇）=1：1．5、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．5％、环己烷为带水剂、反应时间45min的优化条件下，环己酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达79．8％．     

Preparation and structural characterization of Co/Al2O3 catalysts for the ozonation of pyruvic acid

A series of Co/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method using γ-Al₂O₃ support and (CH₃COO)₂Co·4H₂O solutions, followed by calcination at 500–800 °C. Characterization of catalysts was accomplished by several techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), physisorption of nitrogen, mercury and helium-based pycnometries, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and pH of zero charge (PZC). Impregnation of support produced a moderate decrease of its surface area and pore volume and also led to minor changes of its PZC. Depending on preparation conditions (i.e., calcination atmosphere and temperature and metal loading), one or more of the following Co-containing compounds were identified: CoO, Co₃O₄ and CoAl₂O₄. The support and prepared Co/Al₂O₃ catalysts were tested to catalyze the ozonation of aqueous pyruvic acid at pH 2.5. Pyruvic acid was shown refractory towards single ozonation but the use of γ-Al₂O₃ and Co/Al₂O₃ catalysts resulted in 56–96% pyruvic acid conversion and 41–78% decrease in DOC after 2 h of ozonation of phosphate-buffered solutions. In the absence of the buffer, conversion rate was enhanced likely as a result of pH increase during the course of the process thus giving rise to the indirect way of ozonation through hydroxyl radicals. Acetic acid was found as the main by-product of pyruvic acid ozonation. Depending on the catalyst used, yield of acetic acid varied from 32 to 49%, values noticeably lower that that obtained from the control non-catalytic ozonation experiment (73%). Differences in catalytic activity amongst the various Co/Al₂O₃ catalysts investigated were attributed to the different Co active phases deposited on the γ-Al₂O₃ surface. The following sequence of increasing activity can be inferred from experimental results: CoO, CoAl₂O₄ and Co₃O₄. All the Co/Al₂O₃ catalysts prepared showed good stability as the percentage of cobalt leached out was rather low.     

Synergistic Influence of Poly(4-Vinylpyridine) and Potassium Iodide on Inhibition of Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1M HCl

The corrosion and inhibition behavior of mild steel in 1 M HCl in the presence of poly(4-vinylpyridine)(P4VP) and potassium iodide (KI) was investigated using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization studies and impedance measurements. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing P4VP concentration. The inhibiting action of P4VP is considerably enhanced by the addition of potassium iodide. The adsorption of this compound either alone or in combination with iodide ions on the metal surface is found to obey Lamgmir's adsorption isotherm. The experimental results suggest that the presence of iodide ions in the solution increases the surface coverage and, therefore, indicate the joint adsorption of P4VP and iodide ions. On the other hand, it was found that the inhibiting effect of P4VP and (P4VP + KI) increased with increasing temperature of the corrosion medium. The presence of these species in the solution decreases the double layer capacitance and increases the charge transfer resistance, both derived from Nyquist plots obtained from a.c. impedance studies. The variation of charge transfer resistance with time suggests that the inhibitive action of (P4VP + KI) depends mainly on the protective inhibitor film formed on the steel surface.     

合成丁酸异戊酯的新方法

采用超强酸代替浓硫酸作催化剂，对丁酸异戊酯合成反应进行了研究，讨论了影响收率的多种因素，在最佳条件下，酯化反应时间短，催化剂可以重复使用，丁酸异戊酯收率达到９８％。     

气相酯化反应的高效催化剂—活性炭固载的杂多酸（HPA／C）

在气－固反应体系中研究了固载在活性炭上的硅钨（ＳｉＷ_（１２））和磷钨（ＰＷ_（１２））杂多酸在合成乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯中的催化性能。实验结果表明，反应温度、空间速度和反应物的配比均对催化活性有明显影响，并且，负载催化剂表面酸量与酯化反应活性之间存在着相应的顺变关系。催化剂在较低反应温度和相当大的流速下具有较高的酯化活性，且性能稳定，有一定的应用前景。     

钴酞菁催化氧气氧化邻硝基甲苯制取邻硝基苯甲酸

研究了以钴酞菁为模拟酶催化剂、氧气液相氧化邻硝基甲苯制取邻硝基苯甲酸的最佳工艺条件,考察了温度、氧气压力、溶剂比〔V(甲醇)/V(苯)〕、反应时间、n(NaOH)/n(邻硝基甲苯)等参数对邻硝基苯甲酸收率的影响,发现助催化剂NaOH用量和溶剂体积比影响较大。在温度为40℃、氧气压力为3 0MPa、V(甲醇)/V(苯)=2、n(NaOH)/n(邻硝基甲苯)=11 7时,邻硝基苯甲酸收率可达77 8%。     

硫酸排渣系统的改造

60kt/a硫酸装置,沸腾炉排出的红渣温度高达800℃以上,原有排渣系统存在问题较多,造成污水处理费用大,环境恶劣。介绍改为干法排渣的工艺流程,主要设备冷却滚筒的结构、排渣能力,系统的运行情况。改造后,解决了红渣冷却效果差,水沫除尘器用水量大,废水多,外漏红渣,外冒红尘等问题。取得了较好的经济效益,年可减少维修费约2万元,节约自来水8万t。