干燥温度对改良挤压法制备的全谷物质构米品质的影响

研究干燥温度(40～80℃)对改良挤压法制备的全谷物质构米的营养特性、食用品质和热力学特性的影响。结果表明:干燥温度在40～80℃,全谷物质构米的粗脂肪和脂肪酸含量随温度升高而降低,对其他营养素无明显影响;当干燥温度低于50℃时,全谷物质构大米样品具有易消解、米饭较软、黏弹性大、口感较好的食味品质;同时,DSC的试验数据表明干燥温度低于50℃时,全谷物质构米具有起始糊化温度略低,糊化时间更短,糊化焓更小的热力学特性。     

Satisfying America's Fruit Gap: Summary of an Expert Roundtable on the Role of 100% Fruit Juice

The 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recognize the role of 100% fruit juice in health and in helping people meet daily fruit recommendations and state that 100% fruit juice is a nutrient‐dense beverage that should be a primary choice, along with water and low‐fat/fat‐free milk. The DGAs note that children are consuming 100% fruit juice within recommendations (that is, 120 to 180 mL/d for children aged 1 to 6 y and 236 to 355 mL/d for children aged 7 to 18 y). Evidence shows that compared to nonconsumers, those who consume 100% fruit juice come closer to meeting daily fruit needs and have better diet quality. In children, 100% fruit juice is associated with increased intakes of nutrients such as vitamin C, folate, and potassium. When consumed within the DGA recommendations, 100% fruit juice is not associated with overweight/obesity or childhood dental caries and does not compromise fiber intake. Preliminary data suggest that polyphenols in some 100% fruit juices may inhibit absorption of naturally occurring sugars. Given its role in promoting health and in helping people meet fruit needs, experts participating in a roundtable discussion agreed that there is no science‐based reason to restrict access to 100% fruit juice in public health nutrition policy and programs such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Reducing or eliminating 100% fruit juice could lead to unintended consequences such as reduced daily fruit intake and increased consumption of less nutritious beverages (for example, sugar‐sweetened beverages).     

高密度接种胶球藻C-169处理脱色酵母发酵废水条件优化

本文探究了胶球藻C-169的营养方式,并在未灭菌的脱色酵母废水中高密度接种胶球藻C-169,系统比较了接种密度、废水浓度对胶球藻C-169的生长及其处理酵母废水效果的影响。结果表明,胶球藻C-169可以利用葡萄糖和蔗糖进行异养和混养生长。混养条件是胶球藻C-169快速扩种的最佳条件。在混养条件下,胶球藻生长速度最快,最适葡萄糖浓度为20 g/L。通过单因素实验研究培养条件(接种密度、废水起始浓度)对胶球藻C-169的生长和废水处理效果的影响,建立的最佳培养条件为:起始接种密度不低于1 g/L,脱色废水稀释倍数为2倍。在此条件下,胶球藻C-169的生物量产率为0.23 g/(L·d),脱色废水COD(化学需氧量)、总氮、总磷的去除率分别为49.54%、70.39%和98.09%。此研究表明胶球藻C-169在藻菌共生条件下对酵母废水的净化具有很大潜力。     

Effect of Oral and Parenteral N Nutrition vs N-Free Nutrition on the Endogenous Amino Acid Flow at the Ileum of the Pig*

Two methods were tested for suppressing the depressive effect of N-free diets on the digestive secretions in pigs: the blood perfusion of amino acids (AA) or the peptide alimentation method. In the latter, enzymically hydrolysed casein (EHC), composed of oligopeptides and free AA, was used as the source of nitrogen. The unabsorbed dietary N molecules were discarded from the ileal digesta by ultrafiltration or gel filtration, assuming that the endogenous fraction did not contain significant amounts of small molecules. The AA supply by blood perfusion had no effect on the ileal endogenous AA losses (8·0 g AA kg⁻¹ DM intake) in growing pigs (±50 kg), compared with the N-free diet alone (8·3 g), whereas the EHC supplementation significantly increased them (18·0 g). The increase was due to both endogenous and dietary N. The presence of unabsorbed dietary AA in the ileal digesta was confirmed by the AA profile of the soluble molecules with a very low molecular mass (<3 kDa), which was close to that of EHC. Both ultrafiltration (cut-offs of 3 or 10 kDa) and gel filtration methods, utilised to discard the remaining dietary molecules, also eliminated a significant proportion of endogenous AA.     

超高压杀菌技术对牛乳品质的影响

本实验研究了超高压(UHP)冷杀菌技术对牛乳品质的影响。在350～600MPa 的超高压下对牛乳采用连续加压、交变加压方式及栅栏技术处理一定时间后,测定其微生物指标和理化性质的变化情况,并与巴氏杀菌技术进行比较。结果表明：压力越高,保压时间越长,交变次数越多,杀菌效果越好;采用栅栏技术对牛乳中的微生物具有更有效的杀菌作用,其中相同浓度的(终浓度100mg/L)ε-聚赖氨酸较Nisin具有更强的杀菌效果;利用SDSPAGE电泳研究了不同杀菌方式对牛乳总蛋白的影响,发现经UHT、巴氏和500MPa 交变处理的牛乳与鲜牛乳相比其总蛋白电泳图谱靠近负极方向第一条谱带消失,第二条谱带颜色变浅,由此推测经上述处理后牛乳中有一些蛋白质的亚基发生了解离,而经400MPa 交变处理的牛乳与生鲜牛乳的总蛋白电泳图谱相似;超高压处理过的牛乳营养成分与鲜牛乳相比,苏氨酸、VA、VC 在超高压处理中受到的破坏明显比巴氏杀菌小得多,特别是苏氨酸和VA几乎完全被保留下来,而VC 含量也要比巴氏奶高出25% 以上,对于VB1、VB2,检测数据也表明,超高压灭菌对其破坏要比巴氏灭菌小,其含量分别比巴氏杀菌牛乳高出9.5% 和2.6%;与巴氏杀菌乳相比,超高压杀菌有助于延长牛乳的保质期,扩大牛乳的销售半径。     

论茶籽油的营养价值与保健功能

为了提高对茶籽油营养价值的认识,介绍了古代医书中茶籽油的功效、民间对茶籽油的认识、国际上对茶油籽的认识、茶籽油的营养成分、茶籽油对膳食平衡的作用及茶籽油的保健功能,说明茶籽油是一种营养、卫生、具有保健功能的优质食用油。     

土壤供钾水平对烤烟生长及钾素营养的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤供钾水平对烟株长势、生理生化指标和下部烟叶含钾量的影响,并以此制定钾素丰缺指标。试验结果初步得出,烤烟现蕾初期下部烟叶钾含量小于0．9％为缺钾,0．9％～1．25％为轻度缺钾,1．26％～1．60％为潜在缺钾,大于1．60％为钾素充足;土壤速效钾含量小于55mg／kg为低,55～110mg／kg为较低,110～160mg／kg为中等,160～230mg／kg为较丰富,〉230mg／kg为丰富。     

双轮驱动创新提升未来食品安全与健康内涵

食品产业是国民经济支柱产业,以食品安全、风味、营养与健康为导向的多元化发展是食品产业创新发展的重要趋势。介绍了我国食品产业发展的基本概况,分析了我国食品产业存在的主要问题。重点提出未来我国食品产业要坚定地走科学“三减”与健康内涵“N加”的双轮驱动之路,强调“双轮驱动”是实现我国食品产业健康转型的关键。对我国食品安全与健康的新内涵进行了展望,表明食品安全是健康的基本保障,“风味、健康双导向”是食品产业的发展趋势。提出食品界要积极推动实施“藏粮于食”“藏食于民”工程,借助学科交叉融合优势,以科技创新进一步提升食品的科学内涵。     

浅谈营养强化面粉

介绍了“7 1”营养强化面粉产生的背景，分析了推广营养强化面粉的有利条件，找出了对制粉工业的影响和亟待解决的问题。     

美国食品Facts up Front标签的主要经验与启发

采集美国Facts up Front标签官方网站发布的资料与信息,从Facts up Front标签的特点、类型,与相近包装正面(FOP)标签的基本情况对比,与其他包装正面(FOP)标签的实施效果比较等方面凝练实践经验,并为中国启动与发展包装正面(FOP)标签提出建议.