Effects of explosion puffing on the nutritional composition and digestibility of grains

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of explosion puffing on the nutritional composition, physical properties, and digestibility of grains including millet, barley, black rice, rice, glutinous rice, and wheat. Explosion puffing of grains resulted in the nutritional composition with higher total sugar content and lower moisture, starch and fat contents. Although the protein content scarcely changed comparing with the untreated grains, the solubility declined significantly. Moreover, explosion puffing could significantly improve the physical properties including the water absorption index, water solubility index and gelatinization degree. The in vitro digestion experiment was employed to investigate the influences of explosion puffing on the starch hydrolysis rate and free amino acid content, and it was indicated that the digestibility of the starch and protein in grains was highly improved. The results demonstrated that explosion puffing is a suitable technique to improve the physical properties and digestibility of grains, which provided the theoretic foundation for the use of explosion puffing technology in coarse cereal processing.     

玛咖(Lepidium meyenii.)干粉的营养成分及抗疲劳作用研究

本文对南美药食两用植物玛咖(LepidiummeyeniiWalp.)干粉的营养成分进行了分析,其中蛋白质含量达到8.87%,并发现含有大量的支链氨基酸和一定量的牛磺酸、矿物质锌等多种具有抗疲劳作用的营养成分,且通过动物试验证明了玛咖干粉具有显著抗疲劳功效。     

两种工艺拐枣酒抗氧化成分及活性比较

以拐枣果梗为原料,制备拐枣露酒与发酵酒,测定拐枣酒中营养成分含量,并采用氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）、铁离子还原能力（FRAP）、2,2'-联氨-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）与1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基（DPPH）自由基清除能力4种方法对其抗氧化活性进行测定,旨在比较两种工艺拐枣酒抗氧化成分含量及抗氧化活性。结果表明,拐枣发酵酒中总多酚、总黄酮、抗坏血酸含量均高于拐枣露酒,拐枣露酒中具有较高的糖含量,发酵酒中残糖量少。两种工艺拐枣酒均具有很强的抗氧化能力,其抗氧化能力与之含有的总黄酮、总多酚及抗坏血酸含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。拐枣酒的ORAC值在6.49～14.69 mmol/L之间,FRAP值在3.59～11.71 mmol/L之间,对ABTS、DPPH自由基的清除率均＞90%,半抑制浓度（IC50）值分别在7.10～20.30 μg/mL、23.40～52.30 μg/mL之间。拐枣露酒与拐枣发酵酒相比,发酵酒中营养成分含量更高,品质更佳,抗氧化能力更强。     

Biochemical and nutritional characteristics of non-conventional protein sources

Some nutritional and antinutritional characteristics of Cucumis sativus L and Lagenaria vulgaris (Molina) Standl seeds ere studied. The mature seed kernels contained 312–318 g kg^?1 crude protein, 9–10 g kg^?1 crude fibre, 444–463 g kg^?1 crude fat, 43–45 g kg^?1 ash and 114–142 g kg^?1 carbohydrates. The biological values of cucumber and bottle gourd proteins ere 74.35 and 74.20 respectively. The essential amino acid profile compared ell ith the FAO/HO scoring pattern except for a deficiency of lysine and isoleucine. Lysine as the first limiting amino acid in both the proteins. The leucine:isoleucine and leucine:lysine ratios did not sho imbalance. Trypsin inhibitor, phytate, lectin and tannin levels ere determined in the defatted decorticated cucurbit seed meals. Heat treatment reduced the trypsin inhibitor and lectin activities in all samples to negligible levels. Levels of phytate and tannins ere found to be similar in all samples.     

发芽对糙米蛋白质及氨基酸组成特性的影响

研究了发芽过程中糙米蛋白质和氨基酸含量和组成特性的变化,并与精米和糙米比较,评价了发芽糙米蛋白质的营养价值。结果表明,发芽可以增加糙米蛋白质、总氨基酸和必需氨基酸的含量,必需氨基酸指数提高。发芽过程中清蛋白和谷蛋白含量均呈上升趋势,球蛋白含量呈下降的趋势。除发芽24h外,醇溶蛋白的含量在整个发芽期间也呈现增加趋势,增加的蛋白质主要是谷蛋白。各发芽阶段糙米的必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的比值均大于55%。18种氨基酸中有12种氨基酸的含量在发芽24h最高。发芽后赖氨酸和苏氨酸的含量增加较明显,但仍是限制性氨基酸;丝氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸含量均有所增加。发芽24h时EAAI最大,与FAO/WHO模式相比,EAA组成模式更加合理。发芽可以提高糙米蛋白质的营养价值,改善籼稻米的品质,其中以发芽24h为宜。     

热带假丝酵母发酵生产木糖醇的研究

对热带假丝酵母 (C tropicalis )As2 1 776发酵木糖醇的营养条件进行了初步研究。初始木糖浓度在 80g/L附近时木糖醇转化率较高 ,限制性供氧条件下有利于木糖醇积累。酵母膏和蛋白胨是比较适合产木糖醇的有机氮源 ,而酵母膏更利于酵母细胞生长。培养基中添加 2 g/L的(NH4 ) 2 HPO4 、2～ 6g/L的NaCl、1～ 3g/L的KH2 PO4 、0 1～ 0 3 g/L的MgSO4 ·7H2 O能提高木糖醇的转化率     

利用8-AG抗性提高酵母胞内核黄素含量

对几株可食用酵母的胞内核黄素含量、生物量、核酸含量、粗蛋白含量及自溶率等指标进行测定和比较。结果表明:啤酒酵母RY-3胞内核黄素含量达到117.9mg/kg,生物量最高,核酸和粗蛋白含量适中,但生长速率较低。对RY-3进行紫外线诱变处理,用8-AG抗性平板进行筛分,所得突变株RY605胞内核黄素含量提高了79.97%,生长周期缩短了11h。     

低温贮藏对晚熟龙眼“立冬本”果实采后生理和品质的影响

研究了龙眼"立冬本"果实在采后(25±0.5)℃和(3±0.5)℃温度下的呼吸强度、细胞膜透性和品质的变化。结果表明:龙眼果实属于非呼吸跃变型果实;在(25±0.5)℃下贮藏4天,果实呼吸强度下降,之后明显上升;果实采后果皮细胞膜透性快速增加,果实易失重、衰老、腐烂和果皮褐变,贮藏后期果肉自溶;果肉可滴定酸和维生素C含量快速下降,总糖和蔗糖含量下降,还原糖含量先升后降,可溶性固形物含量在贮藏前期下降而后期上升,可溶性固形物和可滴定酸比值先升后降;贮藏后期果肉可滴定酸含量增加。而(3±0.5)℃低温贮藏可显著降低果实呼吸强度,抑制病原菌生长,延缓果实衰老和果皮细胞膜透性增加,延迟果皮褐变,减少果实失重和果肉营养成分变化,抑制果肉自溶,保持果实较高的品质,延长果实贮藏期。     

基于水库群联合调度和人工扰动的黄河调水调沙

为减少小浪底水库及下游河段的淤积，通过水库群的联合调度充分利用万家寨、三门峡、小浪底等干流水库汛前蓄水，在小浪底库区人工塑造异重流，加大小浪底水库的排沙量。同时辅以人工的泥沙扰动措施，调整了库尾段不利的淤积形态。利用进入下游河道水流富余的挟沙能力，在黄河下游“二级悬河”及主槽淤积最为严重的卡口河段实施河床泥沙扰动，减轻下游淤积并扩大下游河道的主槽过洪能力。试验取得了预期效果，小浪底库区淤积三角洲冲刷泥沙1.329亿m3，设计淤积平衡纵剖面以上淤积的3850万m3泥沙全部冲刷消除，小浪底库尾淤积形态得到合理调整；下游卡口河段扰起泥沙164.13万m3，扰沙河段的平滩流量增加了510～640m3/s；下游河道利津以上各河段均发生冲刷，小浪底～利津河段共冲刷0.665亿t。说明通过调水调沙塑造适当的水沙过程，可以遏制黄河下游河道形态恶化的趋势。     

Attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based practices: A comparison of autism early intervention providers and children’s mental health providers.

Across the country, states are reporting increases in the number of children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) served each year in the early intervention system. Research examining factors impacting the successful dissemination and implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) into service systems for these children is limited. Preliminary information indicates that adoption of EBPs is variable. Provider attitudes toward the adoption of EBPs may be one factor that limits or facilitates implementation of efficacious treatments and these attitudes vary by organizational context and provider individual differences. The current study examines cross-context differences in provider attitudes toward EBPs by comparing the attitudes of 71 education-based early intervention providers working with children with ASD to the attitudes of 238 mental health providers in the public mental health system. This provides the first examination of ASD early intervention provider attitudes toward EBP. Results indicated that early intervention providers reported significantly more favorable attitudes toward adopting EBPs than did mental health providers. Early intervention providers with extended experience in the field perceived less divergence between their current practice and EBPs. Implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)