野生湖南山核桃的成分分析及营养评价

对野生湖南山核桃果仁的营养成分进行分析。结果表明:野生湖南山核桃果仁中粗脂肪、总糖、粗蛋白质、粗纤维的含量分别为59.18%,9.40%,7.56%,7.58%,氨基酸有17种,其中谷氨酸、精氨酸和天冬氨酸的含量较高,蛋氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸,必需氨基酸含量均接近或超过WHO推荐的成人氨基酸需要量模式。     

东海细点圆趾蟹含肉率及肌肉营养价值的分析

对细点圆趾蟹的含肉率,以及利用常规肌肉营养测试方法对东海细点圆趾蟹的肌肉营养成分进行测定,结果表明:细点圆趾蟹的含肉率为23.67%,蟹肌肉粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分、灰分的含量分别为17.94%,1.37%,73.25%,4.7%。分析了肌肉蛋白质中17种常见氨基酸含量(色氨酸未测),其氨基酸总量为16.43%,其中必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的38%,鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的36%,其构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)标准,并且含有丰富的钾、钙、镁、铁等矿质元素。综合数据表明,细点圆趾蟹具有较高的营养价值,适合进一步开发利用。     

Influence of roasting pretreatment on high‐oleic rapeseed oil quality evaluated by analytical and sensory approaches

Qualitative and quantitative effects on the contents of minor components of cold‐pressed high‐oleic rapeseed oil (HORO) were evaluated in a function of different roasting temperatures (80, 100, 120 and 140 °C). Along with roasting temperature elevation, a significant increase in the content of total tocopherols up to 32% (mainly γ‐T homologue) and a slight increase of total sterols concentration (up to 5%) were observed, whereas no significant changes in the fatty acid composition occurred during seeds thermal pretreatment. Additionally, an increased degree of hydrolysis and lipid oxidation was reported; however, obtained results were within codex limits. The peroxide value of the oil ranged from 1.30 to 2.34 mEq O₂ kg^?1, while the acid value did not exceed 0.46 mg/KOH g. Principal component analysis was capable of differentiating between rapeseed oils acquired from seeds pretreated with different roasting temperatures.     

Composition and functionality of wheat bran and its application in some cereal food products

Production of wheat bran (WB) for human consumption is estimated to be about 90 million tonnes per year. WB is a cheap and abundant source of dietary fibre which has been linked to improved bowel health and possible prevention of some diseases such as colon cancer. It also contains minerals, vitamins and bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, arabinoxylans, alkylresorcinol and phytosterols. These compounds have been suggested as an aid in prevention of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. This article discusses WB extraction, its nutritional properties, potential health benefits, effects on quality and sensory properties of some cereal foods, and its application in some baked products as well as in fried cereal snacks, as an additive for oil reduction and fibre enrichment.     

Development of a simple capillary electrophoretic determination of glucosamine in nutritional supplements using in-capillary derivatisation with o-phthalaldehyde

A simple capillary electrophoretic method was developed for the determination of glucosamine using in-capillary derivatisation. Glucosamine in commercial products was extracted with purified water. The CE separation was achieved on an uncoated fused-silica capillary using a 20 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2) containing 5 mM o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and 5 mM 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) at 25 kV, followed by UV detection at 340 nm. The detector response was linear (r² > 0.999) in the concentration range 10–1000 μg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.3 mg/g. Spiked glucosamine recoveries at 50 and 100 mg/g level were 95.1% and 104.3%, respectively. The method was applied to 16 commercial products. The concentrations of glucosamine were 109–705 mg/g, and the ratios of detected glucosamine content to the labelled value were 88.8–124%. No significant bias was observed (r² = 0.989, p < 0.01), between results obtained by the proposed CE method and an official colorimetric method (Japanese Health Food & Nutrition Food Association).     

发酵果蔬汁的功能特性研究进展

发酵果蔬汁是一种比较有发展潜力的营养食品,由于添加了常用的乳酸菌和酵母菌而风味特殊,同时赋予其新的营养和保健功能。本文综述了发酵果蔬汁的营养功能与保健功能特性,包括调节胃肠道菌群、免疫调节作用、抑制肿瘤细胞的生长、抗氧化作用、降低胆固醇活性、体外生物拮抗作用等。     

棉仁蛋白粉的营养评价

通过对“乙醇一己烷混合溶剂浸出工艺”生产的棉仁蛋白粉化学成份分析表明，棉仁蛋白粉是一种高蛋白（５０．２％）、低纤维（５．０％）、低毒性（３８８ｐｐｍＦＧ）的蛋白质原料，富含Ｐｈｅ（３．１％）、Ａｒｇ（６．１％）、Ｍｅｔ＋Ｃｙｓ（２．１％），Ｌｙｓ为第一限制性氨基酸，ＡＬｙｓ（有效赖氨酸）仅为总Ｌｙｓ的７０％，棉仁蛋白粉低Ｃａ（０．１７％）、高Ｐ（１．０４％）、低Ｍｎ（１５ｐｐｍ），富含Ｆｅ（２６４ｐｐｍ）、Ｚｎ（８９ｐｐｍ）、Ｃｕ（３０ｐｐｍ）。采用Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ法评定其生物学价值。ＴＡＡ表观消化率为７５％，ＣＰ、ＴＡＡ真消化率为８０％、８２％，ＴＭＥ、ＡＭＥ分别为１１．８８ＭＪ／Ｋｇ、９．２７ＭＪ／ｋｇ。可见，ＣＫＰＦ的生物学价值较高。     

Study of the nutritional value of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativaL)

The nutritional value of five samples of black cumin seeds from five different sources available in the local market were studied. The average values of the proximate analysis on dry matter basis were 216 g kg⁻¹ for crude protein, 406 g fat, 45 g ash, 84 g crude fibre and 249 g of nitrogen-free extract, whereas moisture content was 38 g kg⁻¹. The mineral and vitamin analyses showed that black cumin seeds contained iron, (105 mg kg⁻¹) copper (18 mg), zinc (60 mg) phosphorus (527 mg), calcium (1860 mg), thiamin (15·4 mg), niacin (57 mg), pyridoxine (5·0 mg) and folic acid (160 μg). The protein quality of black cumin seeds was evaluated using net protein utilisation (NPU), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net dietary protein energy percent (NDPE %) for two samples imported from Syria and Turkey, while PER was determined for the Syrian sample only. The results indicated that the NPU standardised of Turkish black cumin seeds was significantly higher than that of Syrian type (P<0·05). The mean results (±SD) were 54·6±2·72 for the Syrian type and 63·1±3·74 for the Turkish type. The NDPE% mean results (±SD) were 5·3±0·79 and 5·6±0·26 for the Syrian and the Turkish samples, respectively. The PER adjusted value for the Syrian samples was 1·9. The results of protein quality evaluation and those of the nutrient composition suggest that black cumin is of relatively good nutritional value. © 1998 SCI.     

改良挤压法制备铁营养强化大米的研究

以早籼米碎米为原料,使用乙二胺四乙酸铁钠（NaFeEDTA）做铁营养强化剂,通过改良挤压法制备铁营养强化大米。采用响应面法考察改良挤压法加工参数,（物料含水率、螺杆转速、机筒温度）的变化对铁营养强化大米质构特性的影响,并且以市售晚籼米质构特性为参考指标,优化铁营养强化大米的制备工艺。得到接近晚籼米质构的最佳工艺条件为湿基物料含水率34％,螺杆转速25r／min,机筒四区温度为102℃,其余四个加热区的温度分别为50、65、90、95℃。此条件下制备的营养强化大米硬度为6062g,粘附力为-1175．21g·s,弹性为0．72,内聚性为0．61,接近市售晚籼米的质构;铁含量为36．95mg／kg,远高于晚籼米的7．21mg／kg,并且淘洗蒸煮损失较小,为其他营养强化米的生产提供理论参考。     

牡丹的营养价值及其开发利用研究

牡丹是世界名花,不仅有很高的观赏价值,还有一定的营养开发潜力。本文概述了牡丹(花、叶、根皮)的营养价值、牡丹食品的开发利用现状,展望了牡丹的开发前景及发展方向。