鸭梨多酚氧化酶的特性及抑制剂研究

以邻苯二酚为底物，采用分光光度法在420nm处测定鸭梨多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性，研究了不同底物、温度、pH值和底物浓度对其活性的影响，并建立了酶促褐变反应动力学方程，探讨了柠檬酸、EDTA、亚硫酸氢钠和抗坏血酸四种抑制剂对鸭梨酶促褐变的抑制效果。结果表明，鸭梨多酚氧化酶的最适底物为邻苯二酚，最适温度为30℃，最适pH为6．6；酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程所描述的单底物酶促反应动力学，以邻苯二酚为底物的动力学参数Km=0．333mol／L，Vmax=0．089U／min。相应的动力学方程为v=0．089[S]／（0．333＋[S]；四种物质对该酶均表现出不同的抑制作用，抑制效果为：抗坏血酸〉EDTA〉柠檬酸〉亚硫酸氢钠。     

燕麦膳食纤维的制备工艺及物理特性研究

本文研究了以燕麦麸皮为原料制取燕麦膳食纤维,确定简单经济的的工艺路线,并着重分析了燕麦膳食纤维的物理特性。     

苦丁茶冬青与大叶冬青苦丁茶提取物体外抗氧化活性的比较研究

比较苦丁茶冬青苦丁茶和大叶冬青苦丁茶提取液中多酚、黄酮的含量及体外抗氧化能力,结果表明：多酚含量高的苦丁茶冬青苦丁茶比黄酮含量高的大叶冬青苦丁茶具有较高的体外抗氧化能力;对5 种体外抗氧化活性评价方法之间的相关性进行分析,表明各抗氧化方法间相关性良好(R2 ＞ 0.8478),尤以DPPH 自由基法与ABTS＋·法的相关性最高(R2=0.9967)。     

Phenolic acids composition and antioxidant activity of canola extracts in cooked beef,chicken and pork

Crude polyphenol extracts (15 or 100 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/kg meat) from canola meal reduced the formation of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in pre-cooked beef (66–92%), pork (43–75%) and chicken (36–70%). The canola extract contained sinapic (99.7%), ferulic (0.28%) and p-hydroxybenzoic acids (0.07%).     

Safety and quality assessment during the ozonation of cloudy apple juice

Traditionally, ozone processing within the food industry has focused on solid foods by either gaseous treatment or washing with ozonized water. However, with the FDA's approval of ozone as a direct additive to food, the potential for liquid applications has emerged. This study investigates the effect of ozone processing on microbial inactivation (E. coli ATCC 25922 and NCTC 12900) and quality parameters (color, phenolic content) of cloudy apple juice. Apple juice samples were ozonated at room temperature (20 ± 1.5 °C) with a generated ozone concentration of 0.048 mg O(3) at a constant flow rate of 0.12 L/min and treatment time of 0 to 10 min. E. coli inactivation kinetics in apple juice were described quantitatively by using the Shoulder log-linear and the Weibull model. Ozone treatment of E. coli in apple juice demonstrate that a desired 5 log reduction can be achieved within 5 min. Apple juice color (L*, a*, and b*) and total phenols were significantly affected by ozone concentration and treatment time.     

Effect of cooking on the antioxidant properties of coloured peppers

Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) has long been recognized as an excellent source of antioxidants, being rich in ascorbic acid and other phytochemicals. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different cooking methods on the antioxidant properties of coloured peppers. Six varieties of peppers were subjected to different cooking methods, such as microwave heating, stir-frying and boiling in water, for 5 min individually. The cooked and raw peppers were analyzed for radical-scavenging activity (RSA) and total polyphenol content (TP) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl–high-pressure liquid chromatography (DPPH)–HPLC and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. The samples were also evaluated for ascorbic acid content (AsA) by HPLC. Total carotenoid content was determined spectrophotometrically. Results suggest that there is no significant (P > 0.05) difference in RSA, TP, AsA and total carotenoid contents between the cooked and raw peppers when processed for 5 min. However, the cooked peppers show marked differences (P < 0.05) in the RSA, TP and AsA when cooked for 5 min in boiling water with further reduction observed after boiling for 30 min. This may be due to the leaching of antioxidant compounds from the pepper into the cooking water during the prolonged exposure to water and heat. Therefore, it is vital to use less water and cooking time and also to consume the water used for boiling so as to obtain the optimum benefits of bioactive compounds present in peppers. It is concluded that microwave heating and stir-frying without using water are more suitable cooking methods for pepper, to ensure the maximum retention of antioxidant molecules.     

燕麦粉蛋白的理化性质研究

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察燕麦粉蛋白的结构特点,垂直电泳仪测定其分子量的分布范围,AR1000型动态流变仪分析其凝胶特性,结果表明:燕麦蛋白是包裹着燕麦淀粉的胶状物质,结构紧密;燕麦粉蛋白分子量分布在14.4～66.2kD之间,分子量大小在35.0～45.0kD之间和20.0～28.5kD之间蛋白含量较大;在pH5时,起泡性最差,泡沫稳定性最好,乳化性最差,乳化稳定性最好;燕麦蛋白在第一步升温过程中,贮能模量G1随着温度的增加先降低后增加,在62.1℃时的G1最小为48.11Pa,在90.8℃时G1最大为369Pa;损耗模量G11和G1的变化趋势基本相同,在62,1℃时的G11最小为38.66Pa,在93.7℃时G"最大为106.9Pa:在20～28℃之间tan(delta)＞1,黏性大于弹性,28～100℃之间tan(delta)＜1,黏性小于弹性.在冷却降温过程中,G1随着温度的降低在100～48℃之间缓慢增加,48～20℃之间急剧增加,燕麦蛋白的耐热性为844.1Pa,凝胶强度为9194Pa.     

Kinetics of ultrasonic extraction of polyphenols,anthocyanins and tannins from five different New Zealand grape pomaces

Polyphenols were extracted from five kinds of New Zealand grape pomace (Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, Gerwurztraminer, Merlot and Pinot Noir) at 30, 50 and 70 °C in an ultrasonic generator. The extraction kinetics for total phenol, anthocyanin and tannin were determined. The results of dynamics study showed that the extraction of total polyphenols, anthocyanin and tannin followed first-order reaction kinetics during the extraction at 30, 50 and 70 °C. The total phenolic content, anthocyanin conten, and tannin content of water–ethanol extracts from grape pomaces were compared, and the parameters in the extraction kinetics equations were determined. The extraction results showed that the Pinot Noir pomace extract had the highest total phenolic content of 59.95 mg GAE g⁻¹ pomace and tannin content of 79.93 mg EE g⁻¹ pomace. The anthocyanin content in Merlot pomace extract was the highest, which was 4.50 CE g⁻¹ pomace. The results might be of great significance for the development of grape pomace or its polyphenol and/or anthocyanin components as an antioxidant source with natural and inexpensive benefits.     

Inhibitory properties of polyphenols in Malus “Winter Red” crabapple fruit on α-glucosidase and α-amylase using improved methods

To explore the inhibitory activity of polyphenols on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, 16 polyphenols were isolated, identified, and quantified in an edible Malus “Winter Red” crabapple fruit. The limitations of two traditional methods for α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity assay in vitro were assayed. An improved method based on an HPLC assay for α-glucosidase and a colorimetric method coupled with a custom-made mini-column for α-amylase were established. Compared with positive controls, acarbose and miglito, most polyphenols, especially the four aglycones (cyanidin, quercetin, phloretin, and 3-hydroxyphloretin) showed higher inhibition rates on α-glucosidase. None of the polyphenols showed higher inhibition rates on α-amylase than acarbose, but most, especially the four aglycones, showed higher inhibition rates on α-amylase than miglito. The Malus Winter Red fruit has great potential for postprandial blood glucose management as a potential diet therapy for diabetic patients.     

桉叶多酚提取物体内外抗氧化活性评价

桉叶资源丰富且生物活性高,但少有研究对桉叶多酚提取物进行系统的抗氧化活性评价.本实验旨在研究纯化后桉叶多酚提取物体内外抗氧化活性.以化学法、RAW264.7巨噬细胞模型、秀丽隐杆线虫(以下简称线虫)模型为评价方法,以自由基清除率、抗氧化酶活力及线虫寿命等为指标,评价桉叶多酚提取物的抗氧化能力.结果 表明,桉叶多酚提取物...