Naturally Occurring Polyphenolic Glucosidase Inhibitors

Polyphenols, which are abundantly distributed in plants such as fruits, vegetables, and tea, constitute a large group of aromatic compounds, mainly including phenolic acids and flavonoids. These natural metabolites have been demonstrated to possess a wide range of biological activities associated with health benefits, including the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In contrast to the classical α-glucosidase inhibitors, e.g., aza/imino sugars, polyphenols serve as a new type of α-glucosidase inhibitor with different, yet unknown, mechanisms of action, which could lead to novel dietary supplements and therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. In this review, we report a collection of 137 naturally occurring phenolic acids and flavonoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.     

Antioxidant Activities of Free and Liposome-Encapsulated Green tea extracts on canola oil oxidation stability

In the present study, green tea extract was encapsulated in liposomes based on the Mozafari method (with no organic solvents) and characterized for its physicochemical properties (encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and Z-potential). Encapsulation efficiency, particles size, and Z-potential were determined to be 51.34, 419 nm, and -57 mV, respectively. Total polyphenol content of the green tea by Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent was measured as 164.2 mg gallic acid/g extract. Free radical scavenging activities of free and liposomal extracts were 90.6 and 93.4%, respectively, using the DPPH method. Antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of green tea in free and liposomal forms with concentrations of 200, 600, and 1000 mg L⁻¹ were assessed on oxidative stability of the canola oil at 60 °C for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 days. Results were compared to results of synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene at 200 mg L⁻¹. To assess antioxidant activity on canola oil stability, peroxide, thiobarbitoric acid, and anisidine values were assessed as well as the total oxidation value and rancimat test. Results showed that the liposomal green tea extract was more effective than the free extract. Furthermore, a 600 mg L⁻¹ concentration of the green tea extract showed a significant antioxidant activity, compared to other extract concentrations. Increasing storage time and various concentrations of the ethanolic green tea extracts included significant effects on canola oil stability (P ≤ 0.05). Results demonstrated that the green tea extract could be used as an effective antioxidant. Free and liposomal extract (at 600 mg L⁻¹) resulted in stronger functionality than the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene.     

茶叶中茶多酚的提取及分析检测

研究了茶叶中茶多酚的提取,并对所提取的荼多酚进行分析及检测.以茶叶为原料,水作为浸提溶剂,通过改变溶剂用量、浸提温度、浸提时间、乙酸乙酯用量4个因素提高茶多酚的提取率,并优化茶多酚的提取工艺条件.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为溶剂用量(固液比)1∶20,浸提温度85℃,浸提时间40 min,乙酸乙酯用量85 mL.在优化...     

超声波提取海红果中总多酚的工艺研究

采用超声波辅助甲醇提取法从海红果中提取总多酚,研究了提取温度、提取时间、料液比等对总多酚提取量的影响。结果表明,超声提取海红果中总多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取液甲醇浓度60%,料液比(g/mL)为1∶12,在55℃下提取50 min。     

Germanium recovery using polyphenol microspheres prepared by horseradish peroxidase reaction

BACKGROUND: The formation of polyphenol microspheres by the polymerization of 3‐methylcatechol was performed in a methanol/phosphate buffer solution using horseradish peroxidase (HRP), without the use of a surfactant or a water/oil interface, to be used for germanium recovery. RESULTS: The polyphenol microspheres were of diameter 1 mm. The functional group density of phenol group in the polymer was approximately 15 mol kg^?1 determined by the Folin‐Denis method. In batchwise experiments, the amount of germanium adsorbed was 0.23 mol kg^?1. CONCLUSION: Because germanium is a rare metal, a system for its recovery is required. Using the proposed system, continuous recovery of germanium can be achieved using multilayered microspheres. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

黄柏盐的制备及其抗氧化抗菌性能研究

以日晒海盐为载体,配以天然中草药黄柏的有效成分制备了不同配比的黄柏美容盐。对该黄柏盐进行了理化指标、多酚和类黄酮含量、抗氧化性和抗菌性测定。结果表明,黄柏盐中黄柏的质量分数为10%时,该样品盐对DPPH自由基清除率达到50%时的质量浓度(IC50)为124.83 g/L,对酪氨酸酶的IC50为124.83 g/L,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的IC50分别为131.58和159.69 g/L。本研究为植物盐护肤品的多角度开发与利用提供参考。     

多酚氧化酶催化单宁的氧化聚合反应研究

研究了多酚氧化酶催化单宁的氧化聚合反应情况 ,探索了反应条件及 7种化合物对酶活性的抑制效果 ,对产物进行了红外光谱和紫外光谱测试 ,相对粘度法测定了产物的分子量。结果表明 ,反应的最佳条件是pH为 5 .2 9,温度为 3 0℃ ,在所用抑制剂中 ,硫酸铜的抑制作用最强 ,与单宁酸的IR图相比 ,产物的 -OH吸收带变窄 ,在 12 60cm-1处吸收峰增强 ,而紫外吸收无变化。产物平均分子量为 3 5 41,说明多酚氧化酶能催化单宁的氧化聚合     

Antagonism between jasmonate- and salicylate-mediated induced plant resistance: effects of concentration and timing of elicitation on defense-related proteins,herbivore, and pathogen performance in tomato

The jasmonate (JA) and salicylate (SA) signaling pathways in plants provide resistance to herbivorous insects and pathogens. It is known that these pathways interact, sometimes resulting in antagonism between the pathways. We tested how the timing and concentration of elicitation of each pathway influenced the interaction between the jasmonate and salicylate pathways measured in terms of five biochemical responses and biological resistance to caterpillars and bacteria. The salicylate pathway had a stronger effect on the jasmonate pathway than did the reverse. The negative signal interaction was generated by two distinct paths in the plant. A negative interaction in the biochemical expression of the two pathways was most consistent in the simultaneous elicitation experiments compared to when the elicitors were temporally separated by two days. Herbivore bioassays with Spodoptera exigua also consistently reflected an interaction between the two pathways in the simultaneous elicitation experiments. The negative signal interaction reducing biological resistance to the herbivore was also demonstrated in some temporally separated treatment combinations where attenuation of the biochemical response was not evident. Concentration of the elicitors had an effect on the pathway interaction with consistent biochemical and biological antagonism in the high concentration experiments and inconsistent antagonism in the low concentration experiments. The bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), consistently showed reduced lesion development on plants with SA responses activated and, in some experiments, on JA-elicited plants. Resistance to Pst was not reduced or enhanced in dual-elicited plants. Thus, signal interaction is most consistent when elicitors are applied at the same time or when applied at high doses. Signal interaction affected the herbivore S. exigua, but not the pathogen Pst.     

燕麦麸皮水解物在化妆品中的功效研究

本研究以燕麦麸皮为原料,研究了燕麦麸皮中蛋白质在Alcalase酶的作用下的水解,测定了其在不同水解时间下的水解产物的分子量,并对燕麦麸皮水解产物去除羟自由基能力和人皮肤成纤维细胞增殖情况进行了初步测定。结果表明,用Alcalase酶水解燕麦麸皮,水解时间越长,水解产物分子量越小;Alcalase酶解产物具有去除羟自由基的能力以及对人皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖能力。本试验为燕麦麸皮水解产物应用于化妆品提供了一定的理论基础。     

马占相思树叶总多酚的微波提取工艺研究

研究微波提取马占相思叶中总多酚的工艺条件,以总多酚提取量为参考指标,考察乙醇浓度、固液比、微波提取时间、提取温度对马占相思叶总多酚提取量的影响。得到的最佳工艺条件为:20 g原料,以料液比1∶10加入50%的乙醇溶液,在80℃下每次微波提取35 min,提取3~4次。在此条件下,每克马占相思叶可提取总多酚36.368 1~43.414 7 mg。