Biochemical composition and storage of Jamaican yams (Dioscorea sp)

Dioscorea yam tubers of 11 cultivars from five common species grown in Jamaica were analysed for the following: protein content, total phenolics, vitamin C, total lipids, fatty acid composition and activity of the polyphenol oxidase enzyme. The results show that the yams grown in Jamaica are of good nutritional value with considerable amounts of protein, vitamin C, low lipids with only one cultivar ‘renta yam’ (D alata) possessing high levels of phenolic compounds. The fatty acids present in the total lipid extracts show that yam tubers generally possess high levels of saturated fatty acids mainly palmitic acid. However, the species D alata (cv white yam) and the species D trifida (cv yampie) have high levels of the unsaturated fatty acid, linolenic. All the polyphenol oxidases from the 11 cultivars show activities towards the diphenol substrates, catechol and DL-DOPA (DL-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). However, no oxidation was observed with L-tyrosine, a monophenol substrate. All cultivars studied were found to have different lengths of dormancy which varied with storage conditions. When the harvested tubers were washed, sunned and stored at 20?C in a dark cupboard, it was possible to extend their lengths of dormancy by a further 11 weeks.     

中国野生刺葡萄冬剪枝条多酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性研究

为探讨中国野生刺葡萄冬剪枝条的多酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性,以7种中国野生刺葡萄冬剪枝条为研究对象,利用超声波辅助传统有机溶剂提取法提取多酚物质。分别测定粗提液中总酚、总黄酮、原花色素的含量,采用体外抗氧化活性法测定其DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除率、铜离子还原力和总还原力,并分析其相关性。结果表明:枝条中总酚、总黄酮、总原花色素含量(以干基计)分别为24.68～32.76、51.03～72.63、36.69～44.41mg/g。DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、铜离子还原力和总还原力分别为23.62～28.02mg/g、31.51%～36.11%、47.19～73.28mg/g和39.76～53.80mg/g。中国野生刺葡萄枝条具有较高的酚类物质含量和抗氧化性能,其中还原力与总酚、总黄酮、原花色素含量有较高的相关性(R2>0.9),是具有良好开发前景的天然抗氧化剂及生物药品基料。     

Effects of non-thermal plasma treating wheat kernel on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles

The effects of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles ( FWN) were investigated. The results showed that NTP effectively decreased the total plate count (TPC), yeast and mould count (YMC) and Bacillus spp. in wheat flour. Wet gluten contents and the stability time reached the maximum when treated for 20 s. The viscosity of starch increased significantly after treatment due to the increased of damaged starch. The contents of secondary structure were altered to some extent, which was because that the ordered network structure of gluten protein broken. Furthermore, compared with the control, texture properties of FWN were enhanced significantly at 20 s, and the darkening rate of FWN was greatly inhibited due to the low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Consequently, the most suitable treatment was 500 W for 20 s, providing a basis for the application of NTP in flour products.     

荔枝中多酚含量的测定

为快速准确检测荔枝中的多酚,选择白糖罂、白腊、糯米糍3个品种,分别提取、测定其不同部位多酚含量;测定条件是:C18色谱柱,检测波长280 nm,柱温42℃,进样量10μL,3%乙酸水溶液与乙腈梯度洗脱。结果表明:以丙酮为溶剂提取效果最好;多酚总量为白糖罂(662.51 mg/kg)>白腊(442.20)>糯米糍(264.36 mg/kg);在所测9种多酚中,表儿茶素含量最高,依次为394.07、242.45、168.79 mg/kg。3种荔枝果肉中多酚总量依次为3.41、5.78、3.00 mg/kg,果皮中多酚总量依次为469.89、155.96、137.89 mg/kg,果核中多酚总量依次为189.21、283.24、120.69mg/kg。同一品种不同部位是果肉中多酚含量最低,果皮与果核中多酚含量的高低则因品种而异,选取适宜品种或部位是提取荔枝多酚的关键。     

桑叶多酚氧化酶的固定化及酶学性质研究

研究了桑叶多酚氧化酶(PPO)的动力学特性,结果表明,其最适温度为40℃,最适pH为7.0,酶动力学参数Km=0.093mol/L。用浓度质量分数为4%海藻酸钠、体积分数为0.2%戊二醛、0.2mol/L的CaCl2固定多酚氧化酶,固定时间2h,交联时间4h,能使固定化多酚氧化酶的活力达到最大。固定化酶的最适pH为6.0,固定化酶的最佳反应温度为50℃,固定化酶对温度的敏感度降低,温度变化对固定化酶酶活力的影响不大。     

苹果多酚结构及褐变研究进展

本文对已报道的苹果多酚物质进行了归类。并列出了它们的结构图。在苹果加工业中,褐变备受关注,其直接影响着产品的营养、风味和感官。这种褐变主要由于多酚类物质在西每（多酚氧化酶PPO和过氧化酶POD）的氧化下生成了有色物质,文中对这两种酶氧化多酚机理进行了分析,并时褐变抑制剂及抑制机理作了阐述。     

沙果多酚的提取及组成分析

采用水浴振荡辅助乙醇提取法提取沙果果干中的总多酚,对提取工艺进行优化并分析了沙果果干中的多酚种类。通过正交试验优化出沙果青果的最佳提取工艺:乙醇体积分数50%,料液比1∶25(g∶mL),水浴振荡时间50 min,水浴振荡温度30℃,此条件下多酚得率可达(7.875±0.008)mg/g;沙果熟果的最佳提取工艺:乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶25(g∶mL),水浴振荡时间30 min,水浴振荡温度40℃,此条件下多酚得率可达(10.259±0.020)mg/g。液相色谱分析表明:沙果青果多酚主要含有4种多酚,分别为绿原酸22.033%、原花青素B_(2)8.875%、表儿茶素5.95%和根皮苷1.259%,这4种多酚占总多酚的38.117%;沙果熟果除含有上述4种多酚(分别为41.0758%、5.6413%、8.3252%、0.4998%),还含有(+)-儿茶素(7.2444%),这5种多酚占总多酚的62.7865%,沙果中仍有大部分未知多酚未检出。沙果熟果多酚种类及含量高于青果,营养价值更丰富。     

蛋清蛋白/苹果多酚提高多糖基可食性包装薄膜性能及在腰果贮藏保鲜中的应用

海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)、κ-卡拉胶(κ-carrageenan,κ-C)具有天然无毒、成膜性好的特点,常被用于制备可食用多糖基包装膜.但多糖薄膜具有亲水性强、机械性能差、抗氧化活性低等缺陷.本实验以SA、κ-C为复合多糖成膜基质,以乳酸钙为交联剂,并添加蛋清蛋白粉(egg white powd...     

超声波提取海红果中总多酚的工艺研究

采用超声波辅助甲醇提取法从海红果中提取总多酚,研究了提取温度、提取时间、料液比等对总多酚提取量的影响。结果表明,超声提取海红果中总多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取液甲醇浓度60%,料液比(g/mL)为1∶12,在55℃下提取50 min。