Germanium recovery using polyphenol microspheres prepared by horseradish peroxidase reaction

BACKGROUND: The formation of polyphenol microspheres by the polymerization of 3‐methylcatechol was performed in a methanol/phosphate buffer solution using horseradish peroxidase (HRP), without the use of a surfactant or a water/oil interface, to be used for germanium recovery. RESULTS: The polyphenol microspheres were of diameter 1 mm. The functional group density of phenol group in the polymer was approximately 15 mol kg^?1 determined by the Folin‐Denis method. In batchwise experiments, the amount of germanium adsorbed was 0.23 mol kg^?1. CONCLUSION: Because germanium is a rare metal, a system for its recovery is required. Using the proposed system, continuous recovery of germanium can be achieved using multilayered microspheres. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

蛋清蛋白/苹果多酚提高多糖基可食性包装薄膜性能及在腰果贮藏保鲜中的应用

海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)、κ-卡拉胶(κ-carrageenan,κ-C)具有天然无毒、成膜性好的特点,常被用于制备可食用多糖基包装膜.但多糖薄膜具有亲水性强、机械性能差、抗氧化活性低等缺陷.本实验以SA、κ-C为复合多糖成膜基质,以乳酸钙为交联剂,并添加蛋清蛋白粉(egg white powd...     

Naturally Occurring Polyphenolic Glucosidase Inhibitors

Polyphenols, which are abundantly distributed in plants such as fruits, vegetables, and tea, constitute a large group of aromatic compounds, mainly including phenolic acids and flavonoids. These natural metabolites have been demonstrated to possess a wide range of biological activities associated with health benefits, including the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In contrast to the classical α-glucosidase inhibitors, e.g., aza/imino sugars, polyphenols serve as a new type of α-glucosidase inhibitor with different, yet unknown, mechanisms of action, which could lead to novel dietary supplements and therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. In this review, we report a collection of 137 naturally occurring phenolic acids and flavonoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.     

Antioxidant Activities of Free and Liposome-Encapsulated Green tea extracts on canola oil oxidation stability

In the present study, green tea extract was encapsulated in liposomes based on the Mozafari method (with no organic solvents) and characterized for its physicochemical properties (encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and Z-potential). Encapsulation efficiency, particles size, and Z-potential were determined to be 51.34, 419 nm, and -57 mV, respectively. Total polyphenol content of the green tea by Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent was measured as 164.2 mg gallic acid/g extract. Free radical scavenging activities of free and liposomal extracts were 90.6 and 93.4%, respectively, using the DPPH method. Antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of green tea in free and liposomal forms with concentrations of 200, 600, and 1000 mg L⁻¹ were assessed on oxidative stability of the canola oil at 60 °C for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 days. Results were compared to results of synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene at 200 mg L⁻¹. To assess antioxidant activity on canola oil stability, peroxide, thiobarbitoric acid, and anisidine values were assessed as well as the total oxidation value and rancimat test. Results showed that the liposomal green tea extract was more effective than the free extract. Furthermore, a 600 mg L⁻¹ concentration of the green tea extract showed a significant antioxidant activity, compared to other extract concentrations. Increasing storage time and various concentrations of the ethanolic green tea extracts included significant effects on canola oil stability (P ≤ 0.05). Results demonstrated that the green tea extract could be used as an effective antioxidant. Free and liposomal extract (at 600 mg L⁻¹) resulted in stronger functionality than the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene.     

茶多酚的提取工艺研究

经过对茶多酚的性质及现有提取方法利弊的分析 ,确定采用超临界CO2 萃取技术对茶叶中的茶多酚进行了萃取研究。结果表明 ,超临界CO2 萃取茶叶中的茶多酚在工艺上是可行的 ,并探讨了其较佳的提取工艺参数     

Antagonism between jasmonate- and salicylate-mediated induced plant resistance: effects of concentration and timing of elicitation on defense-related proteins,herbivore, and pathogen performance in tomato

The jasmonate (JA) and salicylate (SA) signaling pathways in plants provide resistance to herbivorous insects and pathogens. It is known that these pathways interact, sometimes resulting in antagonism between the pathways. We tested how the timing and concentration of elicitation of each pathway influenced the interaction between the jasmonate and salicylate pathways measured in terms of five biochemical responses and biological resistance to caterpillars and bacteria. The salicylate pathway had a stronger effect on the jasmonate pathway than did the reverse. The negative signal interaction was generated by two distinct paths in the plant. A negative interaction in the biochemical expression of the two pathways was most consistent in the simultaneous elicitation experiments compared to when the elicitors were temporally separated by two days. Herbivore bioassays with Spodoptera exigua also consistently reflected an interaction between the two pathways in the simultaneous elicitation experiments. The negative signal interaction reducing biological resistance to the herbivore was also demonstrated in some temporally separated treatment combinations where attenuation of the biochemical response was not evident. Concentration of the elicitors had an effect on the pathway interaction with consistent biochemical and biological antagonism in the high concentration experiments and inconsistent antagonism in the low concentration experiments. The bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), consistently showed reduced lesion development on plants with SA responses activated and, in some experiments, on JA-elicited plants. Resistance to Pst was not reduced or enhanced in dual-elicited plants. Thus, signal interaction is most consistent when elicitors are applied at the same time or when applied at high doses. Signal interaction affected the herbivore S. exigua, but not the pathogen Pst.     

多酚氧化酶催化单宁的氧化聚合反应研究

研究了多酚氧化酶催化单宁的氧化聚合反应情况 ,探索了反应条件及 7种化合物对酶活性的抑制效果 ,对产物进行了红外光谱和紫外光谱测试 ,相对粘度法测定了产物的分子量。结果表明 ,反应的最佳条件是pH为 5 .2 9,温度为 3 0℃ ,在所用抑制剂中 ,硫酸铜的抑制作用最强 ,与单宁酸的IR图相比 ,产物的 -OH吸收带变窄 ,在 12 60cm-1处吸收峰增强 ,而紫外吸收无变化。产物平均分子量为 3 5 41,说明多酚氧化酶能催化单宁的氧化聚合     

Rapid evaluation of olive oil quality by NIR reflectance spectroscopy

NIR spectroscopy calibrations have been developed for a range of quality parameters in olive oil, including FFA, PV, polyphenol content, induction time, chlorophyll, and the major FA. A set of 216 olive oil samples from throughout the Australian olive-growing areas were used to provide a representative range of quality. The variation in the oils tested virtually covered the range of the chemical standard limits described by the International Olive Oil Council. A FOSS NIRSystems^® 6500 spectrophotometer with a liquid cell holder was used. Multiple correlation coefficients squared (R ²) for minor components stearic acid (0.86), and linolenic acid (0.85) were relatively low because the concentration range is very narrow compared with the reproducibility of the reference method. However, the major FA, oleic (0.99) and linoleic (1.00), FFA (0.97), and chlorophyll (0.98) provided high levels of accuracy. All of the parameters measured were sufficiently accurate for routine screening of olive oil.     

印楝叶多酚提取及体外抗氧化活性

采用福林-肖卡法,以没食子酸为对照品,在750 nm波长测定印楝叶中多酚含量。用单因素和响应曲面法设计实验,考察了提取温度、提取时间、乙醇体积分数3个响应变量以及变量之间交互作用对印楝叶多酚提取效果的影响,对提取工艺进行优化。同时,体外实验评价印楝叶多酚的抗氧化能力。结果表明,印楝叶多酚提取的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度77℃,提取时间80 min,乙醇体积分数50%;响应变量影响顺序为:提取温度提取时间乙醇体积分数;印楝叶中多酚提取得率平均为3.12%,与模型预测值相符。相同浓度下印楝叶多酚的抗氧化能力强于Vc,其清除DPPH自由基的半数抑制质量浓度(IC50)约为4.6 mg/L,低于Vc的半数抑制质量浓度(IC50)9.8 mg/L。清除羟自由基(·OH)的半数抑制质量浓度(IC50)约为23 mg/L,低于Vc的半数抑制质量浓度(IC50)85 mg/L。