H2 S-CO2环境下低铬钢的硫化物应力腐蚀开裂行为

目的评价90SS和90SS-3Cr油管钢在H_2S-CO_2环境下的硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)行为,并分析其断裂机理。方法利用四点弯曲实验和慢应变速率拉伸实验,结合显微组织分析、扫描电子显微镜分析技术,研究90SS和90SS-3Cr两种钢材在H_2S-CO_2环境下的应力腐蚀开裂行为和断口形貌特征。结果 90SS-3Cr钢的显微组织中存在更多的非金属夹杂物。经过720 h四点弯曲实验后,90SS和90SS-3Cr试样表面均未出现宏观及微观裂纹,表现出良好的抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂能力。在慢应变速率拉伸实验中,当H_2S浓度由0增加至6 mol/L时,90SS-3Cr试样的断后伸长率δ、断面收缩率φ及断裂时间t分别下降了71.6%,69.6%,61.4%,远高于90SS钢的塑性损失(分别下降2.9%,52.5%,10.3%)。断口形貌分析表明,90SS-3Cr钢在较低浓度H_2S时就由塑性断裂向脆性断裂转变。结论随着H_2S浓度的升高,90SS和90SS-3Cr钢的塑性损失增加,抗SSCC能力均下降。相比90SS钢,90SS-3Cr钢对应力腐蚀开裂更为敏感。     

Tribological properties of few-layer graphene oxide sheets as oil-based lubricant additives

The performance of a lubricant largely depends on the additives it involves. However, currently used additives cause severe pollution if they are burned and exhausted. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new generation of green additives. Graphene oxide (GO) consists of only C, H and O and thus is considered to be environmentally friendly. So the tribological properties of the few-layer GO sheet as an additive in hydrocarbon base oil are investigated systematically. It is found that, with the addition of GO sheets, both the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear are decreased and the working temperature range of the lubricant is expanded in the positive direction. Moreover, GO sheets has better performance under higher sliding speed and the optimized concentration of GO sheets is determined to be 0.5wt%. After rubbing, GO is detected on the wear scars through Raman spectroscopy. And it is believed that, during the rubbing, GO sheets adhere to the sliding surfaces, behaving like protective films and preventing the sliding surfaces from contacting with each other directly. This paper proves that the GO sheet is an effective lubricant additive, illuminates the lubrication mechanism, and provides some critical parameters for the practical application of GO sheets in lubrication.     

变截面密封圈弹流润滑数值计算

变截面密封圈的密封面接触边界为波形曲线,油膜厚度在动密封面间的周向和轴向方向上都是变化的,目前的研究都没能更好地揭示出此类密封圈的动压润滑特性。建立能够反映截面随波形变化的三维模型,应用ANSYS软件APDL语言编写变截面密封圈弹流润滑数值计算程序,实现润滑方程与弹性变形方程的迭代求解,得到变截面密封圈油膜压力和油膜厚度的三维分布,以及油膜厚度分布规律与润滑边曲线之间的关系;研究初始压缩率对油膜厚度和分布的影响。结果表明,变截面动密封油膜厚度在密封面曲线波峰处油膜最厚,在波谷处最薄;变截面密封圈的密封面与轴之间非全膜润滑,油膜破裂多发生在轴向外边界和润滑曲线的波谷处;初始装配压缩率对动密封油膜厚度及分布影响较大,初始压缩率过大或过小,都会导致密封效果变差。     

基于长期油液监测的海上钻采平台柴油机故障特点研究与对策

制定海上平台柴油机监测方案,通过对海上平台柴油机连续5年的监测与故障分析,在将近30%的监测样品中发现柴油机和所用油品的潜在故障,获得柴油机的主要故障特征,包括油液清净能力下降、柴油机进水、柴油机轴瓦异常磨损等故障,结合现场的设备运行维护情况,提出综合处理建议措施,包括现场正确换油用油、改善柴油机防水防尘密封、增加故障机组的监测频率等。     

推土机变速箱用润滑油黏温特性研究

润滑油黏度的在线监测是实现设备状态监测与故障诊断的重要途径,但在实际工程应用中,润滑油的实时黏度需要根据润滑油的黏温特性换算成国家标准100℃时的黏度。为研究推土机变速箱润滑油15W40 CF-4的黏温特性,对SD22型推土机变速箱润滑油进行跟踪取样,测定新油、寿命中期油和废油在40~100℃时的运动黏度。采用Andrade方程、Walther方程和Vogel方程对试验所得的数据进行回归拟合,分析和比较3种黏温方程的拟合精度。结果表明,用Vogel方程来描述这类润滑油的黏温特性更加准确,为在线监测的实时黏度换算提供依据。     

有机钼添加剂对重载装备柴油机油中的减摩抗磨性能影响

针对某重载装备所用柴油机油CD+/10W 40减摩抗磨性能不足的问题,分别添加不同含量的二烷基二硫代磷酸钼（MoDDP）、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼（MoDTC）和钼胺络合物（Mo A）3种油溶型有机钼添加剂,通过SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察其减摩抗磨性能,通过激光显微镜、SEM、EDS、XPS对磨痕进行形貌观察及元素分析,并分析其减摩抗磨机制。结果表明：不同种类的有机钼在柴油机油中均能降低摩擦因数,但其减摩抗磨效果不尽相同,其中,08%质量分数的MoDTC在柴油机油中的减摩抗磨效果最佳,摩擦因数降低约533%,磨损体积减小约269%,而Mo A反而使磨损增大。机制分析表明MoDDP和MoDTC在摩擦表面分解生成了含MoS2、MoO3等的化学反应膜和化学沉积膜,起到了减摩抗磨作用;而钼胺络合物在磨损表面没有形成含钼的摩擦保护膜,而是形成了磨粒,因而增大了磨损。     

静电传感器对滑油系统磨粒 电量测量方法研究

根据静电感应原理,磨粒出现在空间不同位置时,静电传感器电极感应到的电荷量相差很大,由于磨粒出现的位置是未知的,因此很难精确测量磨粒的带电量。借助数学模型,对传感器输出信号与磨粒的关系进行仿真分析。由仿真结果可知,信号的幅值与磨粒携带的电荷量以及磨粒在传感器中所处的径向位置有关;而在已知管道中滑油流速分布的情况下,脉冲宽度只与径向位置有关。提出了通过脉冲宽度确定磨粒所处的径向位置,根据传感器在该径向位置处的灵敏度获得比较准确的磨粒带电量的测量方法。通过带电油滴模拟磨粒,对该方法进行实验验证,实验结果与仿真分析结果基本重合,该方法的测量结果与通过静电计测得的结果相比,误差不超过5%。     

滚动转子式制冷系统制冷剂流型的可视化研究

利用变频滚动转子式制冷系统试验台,研究了压缩机在不同吸气过热度状态下,系统性能与制冷剂/油流型的对应关系,以寻求通过观测流型判断系统是否处于高效、安全运行状态的方法。等水温条件下,分别设定蒸发温度/冷凝温度为:10℃/42℃,20℃/42℃。试验结果表明:不同工况下,制冷剂/油混合物在膨胀阀出口、蒸发器出口表现出不同流型,并根据润滑油、制冷剂理化性质上的差异做初步分析,对试验现象进行解释,并得出蒸发器的换热性能随吸气过热度的变化规律。     

Experimental investigation of injection timing on the performance and exhaust emissions of a rubber seed oil blend fuel in constant speed diesel engine

An experimental study is conducted to evaluate the use of rubber seed oil with diesel at a proportion of 20% by volume (RSO20) in a constant speed (1500?rpm) direct injected four-stroke air-cooled single-cylinder compression ignition engine at different injection timings (24°, 27°, 30°, 33° bTDC (before top dead centre)). A series of tests were conducted at various engine load conditions at the rated power of 5.9?kW. The injection pressure was maintained at 200?bar. As a result of investigations, at the full load condition, the brake thermal efficiency of RSO20 at 30° bTDC is high compared with other injection timings and brake energy fuel consumption is increased when advancing injection timing. There is a significant reduction in unburned hydrocarbon emission and carbon monoxide emission, and the oxides of nitrogen emission (NO_x) is increased when advancing the injection timing.