加油站油品防盗的措施

为防止加油站油品被盗，应采取加强夜间值班管理、加强油品的计量管理和加强安全管理的高科技建设三项措施。     

铁路罐车成品油被盗后的勘察及铁路保价索赔

列举了现阶段成品油在运输途中被盗的现象，指出了收油单位对铁路保价运输和索赔知识缺乏，保价索赔意识淡薄和不按操作规程作业的现状，介绍了铁路罐车运输成品油被盗后的勘察和保价索赔的方法，以及应重点注意的事项。     

Emulsification by the phase inversion temperature method: the role of self-bodying agents and the influence of oil polarity

Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with nonionic emulsifiers change to water-in-oil emulsions as the temperature rises when the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of the mixed emulsifier are just balanced. Preparation above the phase inversion temperature followed by rapid cooling yields emulsions that exhibit very fine droplet size and extreme long-term stability. Cosmetic emulsions were prepared by this phase inversion temperature (PIT) method using typical raw materials such as polar oils, e.g. decyl oleate, 2-octyl dodecanol or isopropyl myristate, and nonionic emulsifiers, e.g. ceteareth-12 or polyoxyethylene eicosyl/docosyl ether combined with cetostearyl alcohol as a co-emulsifier. The phase inversion temperature was measured as a function of the oil polarity and the concentration of mixed emulsifier. The relationship between phase inversion temperature, droplet size and emulsion stability was investigated. In addition, self-bodying agents such as cetostearyl alcohol or monoglycerides were added to these thin, fine disperse emulsions to adjust the consistency. The influence of these ingredients on phase inversion temperature, droplet size, yield value and emulsion stability was studied.     

Prices

Assessed or estimated prices and values for the major types of crude oils traded on spot markets. Updated on a monthly basis. Official sales prices (except as otherwise noted) and are generally market-related, subject in some cases to retroactive adjustment. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Bicyclic sesquiterpenoids as maturity indicator in oils of Qingdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

Immature oils were proved to be existed in Es₄^u reservoirs based on GC-MS and carbon isotope analysis of oil sand and source rocks in Qingdong sag. By comprehensive discussion with compositional data from different sags in China, bicyclic sesquiterpenoids are related to thermal maturity and can be used in oil maturity identification. A new indicator, 4,4,8,9,9-pentamethyl decahydronaphthalene /8β(H)-homodrimane, is proposed for distinguishing immature and mature oils in the study area. It signifies mature when this ratio value is higher than 0.34, and immature when the value is lower than 0.34. The varying structures of the two compounds determines their stability.     

Oil soluble polymers as a viscosity-reducing agent for super heavy oil

We, the Editor and the Publisher of Petroleum Science and Technology, have retracted the following article:

Li-Yan Pan, Guo-Qing Feng, Jin-cheng Mao &; Hai-Bin Wang. “Oil soluble polymers as a viscosity-reducing agent for super heavy oil,” Petroleum Science and Technology, Volume 35, 2017, Issue 8, pages 747–753. doi:10.1080/10916466.2016.1273240

We are now cognizant of the fact that the above article has substantial text-matching with the following article, to which no attribution was made:

Jincheng Mao, Jiawei Liu, Haibin Wang, Xiaojiang Yang, Zhaoyang, Bo Yang &; Jinzhou Zhago. “Novel terpolymers as viscosity reducing agent for Tahe super heavy oil,” RSC Advances, Volume 7, 2017, Issue 31, pages 19257–19261.

It is therefore not deemed to be an original contribution. We note the breach of warranties made by the authors with respect to originality and provenance, and of our policy on publishing ethics and integrity. We note that we received, peer-reviewed, accepted, and published the article in good faith based on these warranties, and censure this action.

We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.     

Preparative chromatographic isolation of hydroxy acids fromLesquerella fendleri andL. gordonii seed oils

To conduct product development research onLesquerella seed oils, we explored methods to obtain >100 g quantities of lesquerolic (14-hydroxy-cis-11-eicosenoic) acid. Preliminary experiments with open-column silica gel chromatography showed thatL. fendleri oil could be separated into 3 triglyceride (TG) fractions. The first (10%) contained nonhydroxy 16-(13%) and 18-carbon acids (65% 18∶1,2,3). The second fraction (15%) contained monolesquerolins (39% lesquerolic acid). The major TG fraction (73%) was mainly dilesquerolins (66% lesquerolic acid) showing that a hydroxy acid-enriched TG oil was obtainable by this procedure. Silica gel chromatography easily separatedL. fendleri fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) into a hydroxy-free ester fraction (40–44%) consisting largely of 18∶1 (39%), 18∶2 (19%) and 18∶3 (31%), and a hydroxy ester fraction (56–60%) that was largely methyl lesquerolate (94%) with small amounts of auricolate (5%) (14-hydroxy-cis-11,cis-17-eicosadienoate) and traces of 18-carbon hydroxy esters. This process for isolating the hydroxy FAME ofLesquerella oil was scaled up 15-to 100-fold with a preparative high performance liquid chromatograph. Thirty-gram samples ofL. gordonii FAME were dissolved in eluting solvent, pumped onto the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) silica column and eluted with 97∶3 hexane/ethyl acetate. In an 8-hr period, up to 200 g of methyl lesquerolate could be obtained with a purity >98%, the only contaminants being methyl auricolate and methyl ricinoleate. Presented at the AOCS meeting in Phoenix, AZ, May 1988. The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.     

Fractionation of oligomers of linear alphaolefins in a molecular evaporator

Oligomers of higher alphaolefins, mainly of 1-decene and 1-octene have important applications as synthetic lubricating oils or their components. The results of fractionation of polydecene, polyoctene, and polybutene oils in a wiped-film molecular evaporator, for the purpose of preparing narrow distillate cuts, are presented in the paper. Characteristics and properties of the fractions obtained are shown, and the possibilities for this distillation method in the fractionation of polyolefin oils discussed.     

Evaluating thermal and thermooxidation stability for lubricating oils via microscale methods

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) methods have been developed to evaluate the thermal and thermooxidation stability of different lubricating oils. Measurements are carried out either by heating the oil sample at a constant rate (direct programme) or by keeping it at a fixed high temperature (isothermal programme). Oxygen at a constant flow rate is used for thermooxidation measurements. Tested samples included different viscosity grades: neutral base oils, unadditivated lubricating oil blends, and industrial oils. The mechanism of thermal decomposition for ZDDP and the estimation of its optimum concentration was also considered.     

Improvement of antioxidation and antiwear properties of polyalphaolefin oils

Polyalphaolefin-based lubricating oils were tested on a four-ball tester, and in a stability test, with antiwear and antioxidant additives of different types, along with other (petroleum and alkylbenzene) base oils and additives. Antioxidant additives for PAOs essentially influence their thermo-oxidation stability. It was found that binary inhibitors increased thermo-oxidation stability effectively. In the antiwear tests, the addition of additives to PAOs sharply decreased wear scar diameters. A significant difference was observed in the action of small concentrations of antiwear additives as between PAO, alkylbenzene and mineral oils. Explanations of this behaviour are put forward.