油料作物与产品品质近红外光谱及高光谱成像检测研究进展

油料作物及产品含有丰富的营养成分,为人类健康提供必要的能量供给和营养物质,其品质优劣直接影响企业的经济效益以及人民的身体健康。近红外光谱及高光谱成像技术具有无损、便捷、高效以及绿色环保等优点,在油料作物与产品品质检测领域有较广泛的研究探索。本文简述了近红外光谱及高光谱成像技术的基本原理和常规分析步骤,重点综述了近年来该技术在油料作物理化成分的测定、品种识别和产地鉴定以及食用油真实性的鉴别等方面的具体应用,并最后展望了其在油料作物与产品品质检测领域中的应用前景。     

粮油产品真菌毒素抗体制备研究进展

本文简要综述了粮油真菌毒素抗体制备的发展情况,包括真菌毒素免疫原的制备、抗体的制备以及真菌毒素常用免疫学检测方法,同时介绍了我国真菌毒素抗体研究过程中面临的问题,并对未来真菌毒素抗体技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

植物油料和食用油中铅含量检测的研究

选取花生、芝麻、油菜籽及对应的油脂样品,利用干灰化法-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和微乳液法-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分别测定其铅含量.结果显示:所检测12个油料样品中有8个样品铅含量超出植物油料卫生标准( GB 19641-2005)的限量要求;所检测22个油脂样品中有1个油样铅含量超出食用植物油卫生标准( GB 2716-2005)的限量要求;油料和对应油脂的铅含量呈正相关;微乳液法-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定油脂样品中痕量铅回收率在95%～106%之间.此法具有操作简便、灵敏度好、分析结果准确等特点.     

Immersion vs. percolation in the extraction of oil from oleaginous seeds

The influence of the two contact modes, percolation and immersion, during the extraction of oilseeds by means of a solvent are presented. Experiments were performed in lab-scale equipment with soybean flakes, arranged in beds that reproduce these two contact modes. The extractions were carried out with hexane at constant temperature. To simulate the performance of shallow-and deep-bed extractors, two different bed height/diameter ratios were used. The experimental results are explained in terms of the basic transfer phenomena that occur during extraction. These phenomena are addressed to develop a mathematical model, which is used to simulate extraction under both contact modes. The immersion scheme yielded greater efficiency than the percolation mode to extract soybean flakes for the two bed height/diameter ratios studied. The mathematical model predicts very well the experimental findings. It also predicts the solvent retained by the solid mass after extracting the oil.     

Preparation of deuterium-labelled methyl linoleate and its geometric isomers from natural seed oils

Multi-gram quantities of deuterium-labelled methyl linoleate (methyl cis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoate) and its geometric isomers are readily synthesized fromCrépis alpina (70–80% cis-9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid) andVernonia galamensis (70–80% 12,13-epoxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid) seed oils. Methylcis- 9,cis- 12- andtrans- 9,cis- – octadecadienoate-12,13-d₂ were prepared by the Lindlar-catalyzed reduction (with D₂ gas) of methylcis- 9- and trans-9-octadecen-12-ynoates, respectively. Methyltrans- 9- octadecen-12-ynoate was synthesized by thep-toluene-sulfinic acid-catalyzed isomerization of the corresponding cis isomer. Methylcis- 9fiis- 12., trans- 9fiis- 12;cis- 9,trans- 12- andtrans- 9, frans-12-octadecadienoate-d₂, d₄ and d₆ were prepared by the Wittig coupling (with stereochemical control) of the appropriate d₂-, d₄- or de-alkyltriphenyl-phosphonium salt with methyl 12-oxo-cis-9- ortrans- 9- dodecenoate (prepared by the para-periodic acid cleavage of methyl 12,13-dihydroxy-cis-9- or trans-9-octadecenoate). Thecis dihydroxy ester was synthesized fromVernonia galamensis seed oil by acetolysis, saponification and then esterification. Thecis dihydroxy ester was isomerized by nitric acid/sodium nitrite to thetrans form and purified by silver resin chromatography. Isotopic purities ranged from 88% (for the d₆ isomers) to 99% (for the d₂ isomers). The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended over other firms or similar products not mentioned.     

适用于多种榨油原料的自动调隙榨油机的研制

针对目前市面上螺旋榨油机在处理不同榨油原料时需要手动拆装换笼、耗时费力、效率低下等问题,为满足油脂生产企业对不同油料和加工工艺的要求,对某企业生产的D-1688型榨油机的榨笼、榨条、传动系统和控制系统进行了改进,研制了适用于多种榨油原料的榨油机,实现了出油间隙的自动调整。样机试验表明,与现有螺旋榨油机相比,自动调隙榨油机具有在处理多种榨油原料时无需换笼、操作简单方便、成本低等优点。     

液化石油气浸出油脂的研究

本文通过对液化石油气性质的分析及其植物油料浸出机理的研究，阐明了液化石油气浸出植物油料的工艺原理和流程，通过模拟工业化生产的小型试验证实了液化石油气浸出油脂的可行性和优越性，确定了液化石油气浸出油脂的最佳工艺条件；在小试基础上，我们投资１５０万元建成了２０ｔ／ｄ中试厂，实现了液化石油气浸出油脂的工业化生产。液化石油浸出方法不但实现了低温脱溶、高含油料直接浸出、贵重油料保质浸出，而且在能源消耗方面较     

复合磷酸盐在食品中的应用

磷酸盐是目前世界各国应用最广泛的食品添加剂 ,它广泛应用于食品生产的各个领域 ,对食品品质的改良起着重要的作用 ,如对肉制品的保水性、凝胶强度、成品率的作用 ;在粮油制品中对面条的改良作用 ,可以制作新型膨松剂 ,对速冻水饺的影响 ;在海产品加工中的应用等。本文介绍了复合磷酸盐在食品中的应用及其作用原理。     

Seed oil determination without weighing and drying the seeds by combined free induction decay and spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance signals

The free induction decay (FID) and echo signals in a spin-echo pulse sequence have been used for seed oil determination without weighing and drying the seeds with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) equipment that has a magnetic field of low homogeneity. Earlier known methods, based on use of the FID signal to determine seed oil, become inapplicable when the magnetic field homogeneity is poor, because the angular position of seed significantly affects the signal. The present method, which elegantly eliminates the angular dependence, involves sampling the FID signal at 10 μs after a 90° pulse and the subsequent echo signal at 100 μs formed by applying a 180° pulse at 50 μs. Such short pulse spacing in spin-echo sequence produces almost a full oil signal. It also eliminates the effects of sample-to-sample variation inT ₂ and molecular diffusion on oil signal. The oil values obtained by this method are in good agreement (correlation for mustard: 0.952; linseed: 0.99; and for peanut: 0.912) with the values obtained by the well established and accurate pulsed NMR method, which is based on the measurement of the FID signal of oil in dried and weighed seeds.