含油污泥资源化处理方法进展

为更好地回收含油污泥（即油泥）中可用资源,国内外油泥资源化处理方法不断更新和突破,并在室内实验研究阶段取得较好的处理效果。本文从油泥的高温热处理法、常温法、低温冻融法三个方面综述了热解、微波、萃取等油泥资源化处理方法的研究进展、优缺点以及适用条件等。热解法油品回收率达95.8%,具有油泥处置彻底、油品回收质量高的特点。电动力学法处理油泥,油泥减量化达44.3%,采用浮选法,油泥减量化达95%,两种方法均具有操作简单、易实施、适合大批量处理的特点,工程化应用潜力较大。油泥来源不同,性质各异,采用单一技术难以实现大量油泥的资源化和无害化目标。多项技术联合,如热解法联合浮选法或电动力学法处理大规模油泥能提高油品回收率和质量,降低残油率和处理成本,将成为油泥资源化处理技术的发展方向。     

双波长紫外法测定电厂废水含油量

采用双波长系数倍率法测定电厂废水油含量。以225 nm和254 nm为检查波长,浮油为标准油。萃取比(V石油醚∶V废水)取25∶50。双波长紫外法测得设备进、出口油的质量浓度为49.44、4.31 mg/L,测定结果比单波长紫外法偏差小,与红外法相当。双波长紫外法定量结果准确,操作简单。     

复合絮凝剂新配方处理油田污水的实验研究

对复合絮凝剂新配方处理胜利油田孤东采油厂东二联合站含油污水进行了实验研究。结果表明,阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂AP和无机高分子絮凝剂聚合硅酸硫酸铝或聚合硫酸铝复合使用,可使絮凝体大而密实,易与水体分离,含油污水处理效果得到明显改善,同时使无机高分子絮凝剂聚合硅酸硫酸铝的投加量降低30%,聚合硫酸铝的投加量降低20%。     

Effect of PVP Molecular Weights on the Properties of PVDF-TiO2 Composite Membrane for Oily Wastewater Treatment Process

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes consisted of TiO₂ and different molecular weight (M_w) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (i.e., 10, 24, 40, and 360 kDa) were prepared to treat synthesized oily wastewater. The membrane performances were characterized in terms of pure water flux, permeate flux, and oil rejection while their morphological properties were studied using SEM, AFM, and tensile tester. Results show that the PVDF-TiO₂ composite membrane prepared from PVP40k was the best performing membrane owing to its promising water flux (72.2 L/m².h) coupled with good rejection of oil (94%) when tested with 250 ppm oily solution under submerged condition. It is also found that with increasing PVP M_w, the membrane tended to exhibit higher PVP and protein rejection, greater mechanical strength, smaller porosity, and a smoother surface layer. Regarding the effect of pH, the permeate flux of the PVDF-PVP40k membrane was reported to increase with increasing pH from 4 to 7, followed by decrease when the pH was further increased to 10. Increasing oil concentration in the feed solution was reported to negatively affect the water flux of PVDF-PVP40k membrane, owing to the formation of thicker oil layer on the membrane surface which increased water transport resistance. A simple backflushing process on the other hand could retrieve approximately 60% of the membrane original flux without affecting the oil separation efficiency. Based on the findings, the PVDF-TiO₂ membrane prepared from PVP40k can be potentially considered for oily wastewater treatment process due to its good combination of permeability and selectivity and reasonably high water recovery rate.     

一种油田清水剂的合成及应用研究

合成了一种阳离子型清水剂,并对其结构进行了红外谱图、核磁共振谱图表征分析,结果表明该产品与目标产物结构一致。在南海某油田对其净水性能做了现场瓶试试验,在投加量为14 mg/L时,其净水效果良好,下层水中含油质量浓度为79 mg/L。在和多种清水剂的对比试验中发现,该产品的处理效果优于其他几种药剂。     

V-notched rail shear test applied to geopolymer composites

This work presents a systematic study of the shear properties of a potassium-based geopolymer reinforced with distinct types of fibers. Chopped basalt reinforcements in lengths from 3 mm up to 50 mm and 13 μm in diameter were compared with thicker 20-mm length, basalt mini bars, sand-coated basalt mini rods, and steel fibers. The samples were tested under a V-notched rail shear tests (ASTM D7078), coupled with optical measurements, namely, digital image correlation, allowing a novel study of their crack patterns and failure modes under shear loading. In general, the use of chopped fibers resulted in shear strengths of up to 9 MPa and shear moduli of 4.3 GPa, with no significant variation with fiber length increments, neither in shear stress nor strain at peak load (0.1%). Mini bars and steel fiber reinforcements resulted in slightly lower shear stresses of 7.1 and 8.4 MPa, respectively. They exhibited greater strain values at peak loads, up to 2.1% which were attributed to fiber-matrix enhanced adhesions, thereby allowing gradual debonding and increased ductility. This effect was also recorded for mini rods, but at much lower strength levels, which did not contribute to their multiple cracking capacities. The alignment of the mini rods in 45° directions resulted in a 50% increase in shear stress, showing the feasibility of tailoring the manufacturing process to attend to distinct demands.     

煤化工废水中油泥的聚结分离与水中有机物的去除效果

针对煤化工废水中存在的高浓度油及油泥的问题,本研究制备了高电荷、低聚合度的无机复合材料和低电荷、高聚合度的有机复合材料,探究无机、有机复合材料协同作用下对煤化工废水中油及油泥的聚结分离效果以及对废水中有机物的去除特性。结果表明,无机、有机复合材料在复合比例为500∶1的条件下,废水中油和固体悬浮物（SS）去除率分别达到55%和98%;现场试验发现,无机、有机复合材料对油含量1700～2000mg/L,SS含量为1500～2000mg/L的废水,油和SS的去除率一直稳定于50%和95%左右,表现出较好的稳定性;进一步对废水中典型有机物的去除效果研究可知,该复合材料同时也对废水中各类有机物有较好的去除效果,多环芳烃（PAHs）、苯系物和酚类物质的去除率可达到82.85%、41.9%和37.56%。可以发现,无机、有机复合材料可有效解决煤化工废水中油及油泥的去除问题,具有广阔的产业化应用前景。     

浮选技术净化含油污水的现状及展望

在叙述浮选法分类的基础上,有选择地介绍了几种主要的浮选方法,对影响浮选效果的因素进行了分析,根据浮选技术处理含油污水的研究进展状况,指明了气浮技术处理含油污水的发展趋势。     

郝现联站含油污水水质评价试验

通过含油污水水质评价实验，研究了处理后的污水与回注地水的配伍性以及污水对回注地层造成的伤害程度，并确定了含油污水处理后的主要水质指标。     

混凝-曝气法联合处理含油废水

报道了聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺混凝剂对去除含油废水中COD和含油量的实验结果。含油废水的曝气实验表明：废水中75％的油份可以通过曝气过程在20min内予以去除。在絮凝实验和曝气实验结果的基础上提出了联合利用气浮混凝－曝气技术处理含油废水的工艺流程。