水质硒质量控制用标准样品的研制

依据国家标准样品工作导则要求,制备硒标准样品。采用原子荧光法对样品进行均匀性和稳定性研究。以多个实验室协作分析定值的统计结果确定标准值,并进行不确定度评估。结果表明,硒标准样品均匀性良好,稳定性可达24个月以上;样品量值准确,与美国同种标准物质进行比对具有可比性。研制的硒标准样品符合国家标准样品的技术要求,标准编号为GSB 07—3172—2014,可用于水质硒元素检测的质量控制、分析方法研究以及分析实验室能力验证等方面。     

NR/SiO_2复合体系结合胶及动态力学性能研究

研究了白炭黑用量和Si69原位改性对NR/SiO2复合体系结合胶含量及其与动态力学性能之间关系的影响。结果表明,随着白炭黑用量的增大,2种复合体系(NR/SiO2/Si69和NR/SiO2)结合胶含量均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当白炭黑用量达到临界值时,复合体系结合胶含量最大,此时Payne效应开始显现。当白炭黑用量超过临界值时,复合体系结合胶含量减小,形成完善的填料网络结构,出现明显的Payne效应。与NR/SiO2复合体系相比,NR/SiO2/Si69复合体系结合胶含量大大提高,白炭黑用量的临界值也相应提高,Payne效应减弱。     

The Extractable and Bound Condensed Tannin Content of Leaves from Tropical Tree,Shrub and Forage Legumes

The extractable, protein-bound and fibre-bound condensed tannin (CT) concentrations in the leaves of tropical legumes grown in both Colombia and Northern Australia were determined by the butanol–HCl method, whilst extractable CT was also determined by the vanillin–HCl method. With the exception of Senna siamea all species contained CT. The very high CT concentration found in many plants growing in Colombia may have been partly due to soil fertility being much lower at the Colombian than the Northern Australian site. Acacia boliviana , Arachis pintoi , Centrosema latidens , Senna velutina and Gliricidia sepium contained <55 g total CT kg⁻¹ DM, which suggests that they could comprise a reasonable proportion of ruminant diets. All other species grown in South America contained 100–240 g CT kg⁻¹ DM, which suggests that they should only be fed in small amounts as supplements to dilute the CT concentration. Leucaena species and Calliandra calothyrsus grown in Northern Australia contained intermediate concentrations of total CT (60–90 g kg⁻¹ DM). Most species contained 70–95% of total CT as extractable CT, with the exception of Flemingia macrophylla , where 60% was extractable and 40% bound, and Gliricidia sepium , where almost all the CT was bound to protein. Values for Flemingia macrophylla differed between accessions. Extractable CT determined with vanillin–HCl was generally higher than extractable CT determined with butanol–HCl. Three accessions showed negligible (<1 g kg⁻¹ DM) extractable CT with butanol–HCl but 10–12 g extractable CT kg⁻¹ DM with vanillin–HCl. Two accessions showed undetectable levels of extractable CT but substantial levels of protein-bound CT, illustrating the importance of using a bound CT method for identifying forages containing CT. Relative to freeze drying, oven drying of Leucaena species reduced the concentration of extractable CT and increased concentrations of bound CT. The significance of the results for the nutrition of ruminant livestock are discussed, including the possible roles of protein-bound and fibre-bound CT.     

生物体内硒蛋白的计算机识别方法

硒是人体必需的微量元素,在人体内主要形成硒蛋白。硒蛋白的计算机识别,不仅能预测生物体中硒的形态,而且可为硒的生化性质研究提供理论基础,以阐明硒的生物功能。本文以斑马鱼为研究对象,结合已有生物分析软件,采用PERL语言编程,建立了计算机识别硒蛋白的新方法。它根据硒蛋白基因的判断标准、以目前公布的不同物种的基因组注释信息为基础,将以TGA码终止的基因的再分析、3′-UTR区域中硒代半胱氨酸插入序列(SECIS)结构的检索、同源相似基因中硒代半胱氨酸/半胱氨酸的比对,以及硒蛋白基因编码区的识别等步骤,从已注释的基因组中用计算机寻找和鉴定硒蛋白的形态。当前,已有一些识别硒蛋白的方法,但只能识别专一物种,而本文提出的方法,克服了该缺陷,而且对计算机运算速度和容量无苛刻要求,尤其是发现不同物种新硒蛋白方面有优势。本方法普遍适用于不同物种基因组中,硒蛋白的计算机预测与识别。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定植物性富硒食品中7种硒元素形态的含量

目的 考察微波辅助下酶解法的提取效果, 基于动态反应池(dynamic reaction cell, DRC), 建立高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, HPLC-ICPMS)同时测定植物性富硒食品中7种硒元素(硒酸根、亚硒酸根、硒代胱氨酸、L-硒甲基硒代半胱氨酸、L-硒代蛋氨酸、甲基亚硒酸、硒代乙硫氨酸)形态的含量。方法 样品经微波辅助胰蛋白酶酶解, 高速离心后取上清液过水相滤膜。采用HPLC-ICPMS仪, 以甲烷为反应气体DRC模式消除质谱干扰, 内标校正, 以外标法进行定量分析。优化色谱和质谱条件, 从酶的种类、酶的用量、萃取温度、萃取时间、加标回收率等方面考察前处理方法对待测物的提取效果。结果 7种目标物在0.5~100 μg/L范围内呈良好线性关系, 相关系数r均大于0.9998, 平均回收率为91.45%~102.75%, 检出限为0.10~0.30 μg/kg, 定量限为0.30~0.90 μg/kg, 日间日内精密度(n=6)分别小于5%和9%。结论 该方法准确、灵敏, 适用于食品中7种硒元素形态的同时检测。     

轴向──反向复合加压胀形工艺的上限分析与实验研究

本文对轴向—反向复合加压胀形工艺进行了上限分析，建立了力学模型及滑移模型，导出了上限载荷的理论计算公式，并与实验结果进行了对比，为该工艺在生产中的推广应用提供了有价值的参考。     

复合挤压变形规律的研究

利用光塑性方法模拟研究复合挤压变形,获得变形区的全场应变分布曲线;分析材料的流动规律,将变形体分为挤压型变形区,镦粗型变形区和刚性区３个特性区域。建立上限模型,分析模具几何参数对复合挤压变形的影响,证明凸模直径与正挤出口直径对复合挤压变形的影响最大。     

M-estimator based Chinese Remainder Theorem with few remainders using a Kroenecker product based mapping vector

The Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) explains how to estimate an integer-valued number from the knowledge of the remainders obtained by dividing such unknown integer by co-prime integers. As an algebraic theorem, CRT is the basis for several techniques concerning data processing. For instance, considering a single-tone signal whose frequency value is above the sampling rate, the respective peak in the DFT informs the impinging frequency value modulo the sampling rate. CRT is nevertheless sensitive to errors in the remainders, and many efforts have been developed in order to improve its robustness. In this paper, we propose a technique to estimate real-valued numbers by means of CRT, employing for this goal a Kroenecker based M-Estimation (ME), specially suitable for CRT systems with low number of remainders. Since ME schemes are in general computationally expensive, we propose a mapping vector obtained via Kroenecker products which considerably reduces the computational complexity. Furthermore, our proposed technique enhances the probability of estimating an unknown number accurately even when the errors in the remainders surpass 1/4 of the greatest common divisor of all moduli. We also provide a version of the mapping vectors based on tensorial n-mode products, delivering in the end the same information of the original method. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art CRT methods not only in terms of percentage of successful estimations but also in terms of smaller average error.     

Multiple Empirical Kernel Learning with Majority Projection for imbalanced problems

Traditional Multiple Empirical Kernel Learning (MEKL) expands the expressions of the sample and brings better classification ability by using different empirical kernels to map the original data space into multiple kernel spaces. To make MEKL suit for the imbalanced problems, this paper introduces a weight matrix and a regularization term into MEKL. The weight matrix assigns high misclassification cost to the minority samples to balanced misclassification cost between minority and majority class. The regularization term named Majority Projection (MP) is used to make the classification hyperplane fit the distribution shape of majority samples and enlarge the between-class distance of minority and majority class. The contributions of this work are: (i) assigning high cost to minority samples to deal with imbalanced problems, (ii) introducing a new regularization term to concern the property of data distribution, (iii) and modifying the original PAC-Bayes bound to test the error upper bound of MEKL-MP. Through analyzing the experimental results, the proposed MEKL-MP is well suited to the imbalanced problems and has lower generalization risk in accordance with the value of PAC-Bayes bound.     

双频雷达动目标近场定位算法

利用双频雷达对运动目标进行定位现已受到广泛关注。虽然已有文献对双频雷达进行了一些研究,但这些方法都是基于远场假设的。因此,提出了一种简单的基于菲涅耳模型的利用单站双频雷达进行近场定位的新方法。有别于现有方法需要联合搜索或者需要复杂的矩阵运算,该方法仅使用简单的代数运算就能提供闭式解,可直接应用于低成本的嵌入式设备。此外,推导了单站双频雷达定位问题的克拉美罗下界（CRLB）,为性能评估提供了基准。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。