The Effects of Water Extract of Polygonatum Odoratum (Mill) Druce on Insulin Resistance in 90% Pancreatectomized Rats

ABSTRACT: After administration of 0.3 g Polygonatum Odoratum (Mill) Druce (POD) per 1 kg body weight for 2 mo with a 40% fat diet, serum glucose levels decreased with POD in 90% pancreatectomized (Px) and sham-operated (Sham) rats, compared to placebo (P). Serum insulin concentrations were higher in Sham rats than Px rats. Additionally, compared to P, POD administration decreased serum insulin concentrations in Sham rats, but not in Px rats. Glucose disposal rates in peripheral tissues increased with POD in both Px and Sham rats. Glycogen deposits, GLUT4 contents, and fraction velocity of glycogen synthase in soleus muscle increased with POD administration in Px and Sham rats. In conclusion, POD ameliorates insulin resistance by enhancing glucose utilization in muscle.     

Fatty acid and glyceride composition of Astrocaryum vulgare kernel fat

The kernel composition, lipid classes, fatty acid composition, fatty acid distribution on triglycerides and triglyceride composition of kernel fat from Astrocaryum vulgare Mart palms grown in Nigeria have been studied. Kernels had a high fat content. Lauric acid was the predominant fatty acid in the whole fat and was also the major fatty acid in the triglycerides and in the 2-monoglycerides derived from them by pancreatic lipase hydrolysis. All the fatty acids exhibited a preference for the 1-and-3, positions of triglycerides, except for lauric which showed a preference for the 2-position and oleic which exhibited a random distribution. The trisaturated triglycerides were the predominant triglyceride type and the fatty acid composition of the various triglycerides suggested an absence of completely unsaturated triglycerides.     

食用油中甘油三酯聚合物含量测定

氧化甘油三酯和甘油三酯聚合物含量同油脂氧化程度相关联,结合极性组分分离技术和高效体积排阻色谱技术,建立了食用油中甘油三酯聚合物含量测定方法,对天津市常见42种食用油中氧化甘油三酯和甘油三酯聚合物含量进行了测定,结果显示虽然甘油三酯聚合物平均含量接近(1.43%~1.85%),但不同类食用油中甘油三酯二聚物与寡聚物含量比相差较大,以此为基础通过进一步优化方法和扩大样品数据量,所建立的深度氧化劣质食用油鉴别方法,将具有良好的应用前景。     

催化剂在辛癸酸甘油酯合成中对甘油三酯含量的影响

采用水解酯化法合成辛癸酸甘油酯,研究了酯化反应中使用的催化剂对甘油三酯含量的影响。结果表明,自制复合催化剂可获得较高的酯化率与甘油三酯含量,在辛癸酸与甘油的摩尔比3:1,反应温度200℃,反应时间3 h,复合催化剂0.3%的条件下,得到辛癸酸甘油酯中甘油三酯含量为97.116%。     

Extra‐virgin and refined olive oils decrease plasma triglyceride,moderately affect lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility and increase bone density in growing pigs

The objective of this study was to determine the health benefits of extra‐virgin and refined olive oils, which are high in mono‐unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyphenolic compounds using the pig as a model. Thirty‐two cross‐bred pigs were individually penned, allocated to one of four dietary treatments and fed ad libitum for 28 days. Two of the experimental diets consisted of a basal diet containing 12% tallow and either 7% sunflower oil (TSO) or 7% extra‐virgin olive oil (TEVO) on a w/w basis. The remaining diets contained 19% extra‐virgin olive oil (EVO) or 19% of refined olive oil (RO). On days 7, 14 and 28 fasted and 3‐h post‐prandial blood samples were taken. Body composition was measured at the beginning and end of the study using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Daily gain, feed intake and lean and fat deposition were not significantly different between the treatments. However, the daily increase in bone mineral density was higher in pigs fed diets containing olive oil (1.23 vs 2.54, 6.28, 5.20 mg cm^?2 per day for TSO, TEVO, EVO and RO, respectively, P = 0.050). Both fasting and non‐fasting plasma triglycerides were lower (P = 0.003) in pigs fed MUFA‐rich diets, while the cholesterol profile was not significantly different between the treatments. The results from in vitro copper‐induced lipid peroxidation, expressed in terms of conjugated dienes, showed that low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in postprandial serum from pigs fed olive oil were moderately more resistant to oxidative modification. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that both extra‐virgin and refined olive oils attenuate postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, moderately affect oxidation susceptibility and increase bone mineral density in growing pigs. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

中链甘油三酯

对中链甘油三酯进行了初探，并对它的物理化学性质和生理功能特性进行讨论，提出了其在医药、饲料等各方面的应用，亦对它的制备及应用前景进行了论述。     

绵羊脂与山羊脂品质特性差异分析

旨在为羊脂的精深加工提供参考,以绵羊脂和山羊脂为研究对象,分析了两种羊脂理化性质、营养品质与风味特性的差异。两种羊脂的理化性质按国标方法测定,脂肪酸组成及胆固醇的含量由气相色谱测定,甘油三酯组成由超高效液相色谱联用Q-Exactive HFX高分辨轨道阱质谱仪测定,挥发性风味物质采用顶空-固相微萃取结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法测定。结果表明：绵羊脂与山羊脂均检测出22种脂肪酸,主要脂肪酸均为C16∶0、C18∶1n-9c和C18∶0,饱和脂肪酸含量分别为38.69、54.39 g/100 g;两种羊脂均检测出30种甘油三酯,绵羊脂中三饱和、单不饱和、单饱和与三不饱和脂肪酸甘油三酯含量分别占总甘油三酯含量的2.66%、26.76%、36.89%和33.69%,山羊脂的分别为15.87%、45.59%、26.47%和12.07%;绵羊脂与山羊脂鉴定出挥发性化合物共95种,含量分别为122.11、32.68μg/g,关键风味化合物34种,其中癸醛、6-甲基-2-庚酮、乙酸戊酯、2-正丁基呋喃仅在绵羊脂中被检测出,3-甲基-2-戊酮仅在山羊脂中被检测出,主成分分析表明两种羊脂可完全分离,...     

基于人乳脂肪组成的酶法人乳脂肪替代物的构建

为了开发新型高相似性人乳脂肪替代物,依据中国人乳脂肪的脂肪酸组成和甘油三酯结构,以巴沙鱼油、樟树籽仁油、亚麻籽油、微生物油(富含ARA)及DHA藻油(质量比为153.81∶15.16∶62.33∶7.89∶10.81)为原料油脂,以固定化脂肪酶Lipozyme RM为催化剂,在60℃下酯交换反应8 h制备人乳脂肪替代物,测定其脂肪酸、sn-2位脂肪酸及甘油三酯组成及含量,分析其红外光谱图、熔融性质、结晶性质及流变学性能。结果表明,构建的人乳脂肪替代物中链脂肪酸含量为12%、亚油酸和亚麻酸总含量为19.53%且比例约为1∶1.5,ARA含量为1.17%,DHA含量为1.11%,其sn-2位富含棕榈酸(43.10%),结构甘油三酯含量高(58.75%),无反式脂肪酸生成,熔融温度低于人体温度且在20℃下仍能保持18.7%的固体脂肪含量,结晶形态细腻且流变性能优异。制备的人乳脂肪替代物具有应用于婴幼儿配方奶粉、婴幼儿米糊和婴幼儿饼干等各种婴幼儿食品的潜力。     

类可可脂原料油中低熔点甘油三酯的组成、含量调控与综合利用

为了实现类可可脂在巧克力中更为高效的应用,降低其对产品品质的影响,综述了类可可脂原料油中低熔点甘油三酯的组成与熔化性质,概括了不同种类甘油三酯对巧克力霜变行为的作用特征;进一步讨论了控制低熔点甘油三酯含量的技术方法,包括基因工程和分提;最后,总结了经分提获得的低熔点成分的再利用。类可可脂原料油中低熔点甘油三酯可能对巧克力的制造(尤其是调温)和质量控制(如软化、起霜等)产生不利影响。通过分提选择性降低低熔点甘油三酯含量是制备高品质类可可脂的优选路径。