气调包装对香菇保鲜期内源性甲醛含量的影响

对不同气调包装(MAP)的香菇甲醛含量与理化关系进行研究。研究结果表明:贮藏期间,香菇甲醛含量与GGT和C-Slyase两酶比活呈显著正相关(相关系数r分别为0.777和0.700),而GGT和C-Slyase酶活与香菇的呼吸强度呈显著正相关(相关系数r分别为0.539和0.701)。MAP能抑制酶活,控制甲醛含量,减缓香菇蛋白质的降解和相对膜透性的增高。贮藏前12d,3组MAP香菇的甲醛平均含量比对照低13.00%(P<0.01)。其中,MAP(1)(7%CO2)香菇的平均含水率和蛋白质含量比对照高2.23%和7.81%,细胞膜透性平均比对照低27.24%,3种含硫风味化合物相对含量分别比对照低16.23%以上,品质保鲜效果最佳。     

热处理过程中牡蛎闭壳肌肌原纤维蛋白部分理化特性的变化

通过对牡蛎闭壳肌肌原纤维蛋白加热过程中浊度、溶解度、表面疏水性、α螺旋含量和总巯基含量的测定,研究了热处理过程中牡蛎闭壳肌肌原纤维蛋白理化特性的变化,结果表明,在20～40℃,牡蛎闭壳肌肌原纤维蛋白溶液的浊度、溶解度、表面疏水性、α螺旋含量和总巯基含量均无明显变化。在温度高于40℃时,随着温度的升高,牡蛎闭壳肌肌原纤维蛋白的浊度整体呈增大趋势,46℃下变化最为明显;溶解度在40～50℃变化最大,结合浊度的变化规律推测其变性温度为46℃;表面疏水性总体上逐渐增加,在40～50℃变化最大;α螺旋含量总体上逐渐降低,60℃变化最大,当温度达到70℃时约有80%的α螺旋结构被破坏;总巯基含量逐渐降低,50℃时下降最快。     

牡蛎微波干燥特性及动力学研究

测定不同微波强度下牡蛎干燥水分曲线及失水速率曲线,考察不同微波强度对牡蛎干制品的复水增重率、收缩率、色差等品质方面的影响。结果表明：增大微波干燥强度可提高干燥速率,缩短干燥时间。在实验条件下,采用中等强度的微波干燥(如5、8W/g),牡蛎微波干燥时间在3.5～30min范围内。牡蛎品质较好。用Page方程建立的牡蛎微波干燥模型,与实验测定值的拟合度较高。     

Absorbed‐dose estimation and quality attributes of gamma‐irradiated fresh shiitake mushrooms

BACKGROUND: The general use of food irradiation requires reliable identification methods as well as extensive quality characterization. Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushrooms, packed in polystyrene trays and covered with polyvinylchloride film, were investigated for dose‐dependent identification and quality characterization upon gamma irradiation (0, 1, 2, and 3 kGy). RESULTS: Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis of separated minerals provided excellent results to characterize the irradiated mushrooms. Low‐dose re‐irradiation (200‐600 Gy), medium‐dose re‐irradiation (1‐3 kGy) and high‐dose re‐irradiation (2‐6 kGy) were performed and compared using an additive dose method. An electronic‐nose analysis showed a difference in the volatile profiles of mushrooms following irradiation. One‐kGy‐irradiated mushrooms showed similar or better quality attributes to those of the control samples. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the dose‐dependent degradation in microstructure of mushrooms upon irradiation. CONCLUSION: An absorbed dosed estimation was possible using TL analysis in which 1‐3 kGy re‐irradiation technique gave most promising results. An E‐nose analysis effectively distinguished the samples based on irradiation history. The best quality attributes were observed at 1 kGy irradiation. However, the drastic effects of irradiation were prominent in 2 and 3 kGy‐irradiated mushrooms. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

食用菌菌体自溶机制的研究进展

食用菌营养丰富,具有一定的药用价值,已成为我国重要的经济作物之一。但由于食用菌水分含量较高,菌体细嫩没有保护结构,采后代谢旺盛,使其不易保鲜且容易发生自溶现象。食用菌菌体自溶是引起其采后损失的主要原因,严重影响其食用品质和商品价值,是限制食用菌贮运保鲜的关键因素之一。因此有必要对食用菌自溶的相关物质、影响因子和可能的发生机制进行深入系统地研究,明确其参与的主要成分和发生机制,为进一步的调控研究和应用奠定基础。本文综述了食用菌在自溶过程中几丁质、葡聚糖、果胶等细胞壁物质的代谢、细胞膜脂氧化及超微结构的变化,探讨了食用菌的自溶机制,为其贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。     

海盐场初级水域太平洋牡蛎养殖技术的探讨

文章介绍了环渤海湾海盐场利用初级水域养殖太平洋牡蛎的经验做法 ,分析了引进养殖新品种 ,提高卤水综合利用率的技术经济可行性     

离子色谱法测定大白口蘑、绒柄牛肝菌和皱盖疣柄牛肝菌中阴离子含量

采用超声波辅助提取-离子色谱法测定大白口蘑、绒柄牛肝菌和皱盖疣柄牛肝菌3种食用菌中F－、Cl－、NO2、NO3、PO4五种阴离子含量。结果表明：3种样品中,离子含量均表现为NO3＞PO4＞F－＞Cl－,且NO2均未检测出;同一种离子在不同样品中的含量各有差异。本研究为食用菌中阴离子含量的监测提供参考,同时对其他物种的安全监督具有指导意义。     

Effect of oxygen concentration in gas phase on sporulation and individual ganoderic acids accumulation in liquid static culture of Ganoderma lucidum

Effects of oxygen concentration within 21–100% in gaseous phase on the morphology and ganoderic acids (GAs) production by Ganoderma lucidum in liquid static culture were studied. A higher oxygen concentration increased individual GAs production, and more spores and higher total GA content were obtained at an oxygen level of 80%.     

Value‐added use of mushroom ergothioneine as a colour stabilizer in processed fish meats

BACKGROUND: Ergothioneine (ESH), a potent antioxidant, has been found in certain edible mushrooms. Our previous research showed that ESH extracted from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes has a positive effect on the colour stability of beef and tuna meat. The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy and applicability of ESH extracts prepared from different mushroom species as a colour stabilizer in fish meats. RESULTS: Levels of ESH higher than 2.8 mg mL^?1 were found in extracts prepared from the fruiting bodies of F. velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus cornucopiae and Pleurotus eryngii and the processing waste of F. velutipes. When 1 mL of each of the extracts was added to 100 g of minced bigeye tuna and yellowtail meats, the bright‐red colour remained after 5 and 2 days, respectively, of ice storage. The anti‐discoloration efficacy of 1 mL of the extracts prepared from 10 g of the fresh waste portion of F. velutipes was similar to that of its fruiting body or 0.5 g kg^?1 of sodium ascorbate when added to 100 g of minced bigeye tuna meat under ice storage. CONCLUSION: The results of this study clearly showed that ESH prepared from different mushroom species stabilized the colour of fish meats, and the extract from the F. velutipes was the most effective. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

臭氧处理对草菇采后外观品质的影响

对草菇进行臭氧气体、臭氧水、护色液(0.1g/kgEDTA-2Na+3.0g/kgVC+5.0g/kg柠檬酸)和护色液+臭氧水和对照处理,15℃下贮藏。发现,臭氧水处理的草菇C*值和a*值小于对照,h0值和L*值大于对照和其他处理草菇的h0值和L*值,失重率显著低于对照的失重率,贮藏寿命比对照延长了2d。可以认为臭氧水处理草菇有护色,抑制褐变和延长保鲜期的效果。