Quality of enoki mushrooms as affected by packaging conditions

Fresh enoki mushrooms (100 g) were packaged under various conditions and stored at 10 °C for 14 days. Package atmosphere, weight loss, stipe elongation, surface colour and sensory quality of the mushrooms were measured during storage. Different levels of initial vacuum application did not have a significant influence on the in‐package atmosphere after 2 days. The half‐vacuum package was best in terms of quality preservation of the fresh mushrooms. A polyolefin film with respective gas permeabilities of 166 and 731 ml m⁻² h⁻¹ atm⁻¹ to O₂ and CO₂ established an equilibrated atmosphere of 1.7–2.4% O₂ and 4.1–5.6% CO₂ inside the package at 10 °C. This polyolefin film was shown to contribute to preserving the freshness of the mushrooms. Temperature fluctuations between 5 and 15 °C did not induce a harmful atmosphere inside the polyolefin package, though high temperatures accelerated the quality loss. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

波浪对蘑菇头式取水口吸气漩涡流态影响的试验研究

滨海蘑菇头式取水口进口流态受波浪影响明显,但波浪作用下的取水口吸气漩涡规律尚缺乏系统研究,如何防止进水口前产生有害吸气漩涡是进水口设计中急需解决的问题。以某滨海电厂取水口为例,采用物理模型试验方法,研究了波浪作用下的取水蘑菇头进水流态和吸气漩涡特征,分析了波浪影响下取水口防进气所需的最小淹没深度。试验结果表明,波浪会抑制取水口周缘形成稳定的吸气漩涡。取水蘑菇头在淹没深度不足时会随着波浪周期产生间歇式吸气,但进气量要比持续波谷水位时小。在预防有害吸气漩涡方面,波浪的存在可降低临界淹没深度值,设计实践中可对淹没深度规范公式(Gordon公式)加以修正使用,而修正系数的取值应根据波浪要素和取水口结构形式确定。研究结果可为类似工程设计提供参考。     

牡蛎肉酶解液的抗氧化工艺研究

采用胰蛋白酶酶解牡蛎肉蛋白,以酶解液清除DPPH自由基的效果为分析指标,采用单因素和正交试验,分析酶解的固液比、加酶量、时间、温度对酶解效果的影响,研究酶解的最佳工艺参数。结果显示,牡蛎肉酶解的最优水平组合为固液比1:3、加酶量0.25%、酶解时间2h、酶解温度45℃,牡蛎肉酶解液抗氧化性最强。     

臭氧处理对草菇采后外观品质的影响

对草菇进行臭氧气体、臭氧水、护色液(0.1g/kgEDTA-2Na+3.0g/kgVC+5.0g/kg柠檬酸)和护色液+臭氧水和对照处理,15℃下贮藏。发现,臭氧水处理的草菇C*值和a*值小于对照,h0值和L*值大于对照和其他处理草菇的h0值和L*值,失重率显著低于对照的失重率,贮藏寿命比对照延长了2d。可以认为臭氧水处理草菇有护色,抑制褐变和延长保鲜期的效果。     

Seasonal variations in proximate and elemental composition of pearl oyster (Pinctada radiata,Leach, 1814)

Pearl oysters (Pinctada radiata) were investigated for proximate and elemental composition throughout the year. Oysters were collected bimonthly by hand during scuba diving from the Gulf of Antalya. Ranges of dry matter, protein, fat and ash contents were 144.7–209.8, 65.9–160.4, 4.3–10.9 and 4.6–27.0 g kg^?1, respectively. While the highest protein and fat values were found in the summer months, the highest dry matter and ash contents were found in the winter months. The highest element contents were found in the spring and autumn months. Cadmium and zinc were found to be over the legislative limits, while copper was below, throughout year. The highest concentration among the elements was obtained for zinc. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

食用菌液体深层发酵的研究热点

利用液体深层发酵技术生产食用菌的菌丝体和生理活性物质一直是食用菌研究的热点之一。随着科学技术的不断发展,人们对食用菌在液体环境条件下菌丝体生长和产物产出的认识进一步深入,食用菌液体深层发酵的研究出现了许多新的热点。本文就液体发酵条件、液体深层发酵动力学、菌丝形态学等方面对食用菌液体深层发酵研究热点进行了阐述,并对其以后的研究发展趋势作出了展望。     

煅烧温度对牡蛎壳陶粒磷吸附效果的影响

研究主要是制备一种牡蛎壳陶粒,并考察煅烧温度对牡蛎壳陶粒除磷性能的影响。结果表明煅烧温度对牡蛎壳载体磷吸附效果的影响较大,当牡蛎壳粉末∶粘土∶九水硅酸钠=7∶2∶1,煅烧温度为450℃时,制备的牡蛎壳陶粒对磷的吸附量为0.155 mg·g-1。牡蛎壳陶粒对磷的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,且在25℃下最大吸附量为0.432 mg·g-1。最佳条件下制备的牡蛎壳陶粒具有良好的亲水性,吸水率可以达到18.64%、载体的抗压强度可以达到2.15 MPa、空隙率为41.2%、比表面积为5.71 m2·g-1、破碎率与磨损率之和为2.95%、含泥量为0.61%,这些指标均满足《水处理用人工陶粒滤料CJ/T 299-2008》的指标,可以将此牡蛎壳陶粒用到水处理当中。     

牡蛎糖原的提取、纯化及补体活性研究

采用酶解结合醇沉法从新鲜牡蛎中提取制备牡蛎糖原(oyster glycogen,OG),经阴离子交换柱DEAE-52、葡聚糖凝胶柱SephadexG-100分离纯化,得到纯度较高的牡蛎糖原组分OG11.其蛋白质量分数为0.33％,糖质量分数为97.77％.用气相色谱法对OG11进行单糖组成鉴定,结果表明其中只含有葡萄糖...     

建筑垃圾中不同组成材料对混凝土性能的影响

总结了国内外建筑垃圾中各种组成材料对混凝土性能影响的研究现状.主要包括其中的砖瓦、混凝土碎块、玻璃、木纤维、沥青、旧塑料和贝壳等对混凝土抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和收缩量等性能的影响.其中破碎到一定细度的砖瓦和玻璃的活性会提高,能减小对混凝土性能的负面影响;再生混凝土碎块对混凝土各项性能均有不利影响;旧塑料则能提高混凝土的韧性;贝壳会降低混凝土的弹性模量,但不影响其早强.