Fate of nitrogen fertilizer applied to lowland rice on a Sulfic Tropaquept

A field experiment was conducted on an acid sulfate soil in Thailand to determine the effect of N fertilization practices on the fate of fertilizer-N and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). A delayed broadcast application of ammonium phosphate sulfate (16-20-0) or urea was compared with basal incorporation of urea, deep placement of urea as urea supergranules (USG), and amendment of urea with a urease inhibitor. Deep placement of urea as USG significantly reduced floodwater urea- and ammoniacal-N concentrations following N application but did not reduce N loss, as determined from an¹⁵N balance, in this experiment where runoff loss was prevented. The urease inhibitor, phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD), had little effect on floodwater urea- and ammoniacal-N, and it did not reduce N loss. The floodwater pH never exceeded 4.5 in the 7 days following the first N applications, and application of 16-20-0 reduced floodwater pH by 0.1 to 0.3 units below the no-N control. The low floodwater pH indicated that ammonia volatilization was unimportant for all the N fertilization practices. Floodwater ammoniacal-N concentrations following application of urea or 16-20-0 were greater on this Sulfic Tropaquept than on an Andaqueptic Haplaquoll with near neutral pH and alkaline floodwater. The prolonged, high floodwater N concentrations on this Sulfic Tropaquept suggested that runoff loss of applied N might be a potentially serious problem when heavy rainfall or poor water control follow N fertilization. The unaccounted-for¹⁵N in the¹⁵N balances, which presumably represented gaseous N losses, ranged from 20 to 26% of the applied N and was unaffected by urea fertilization practice. Grain yield and N uptake were significantly increased with applied N, but grain yield was not significantly affected by urea fertilization practice. Yield was significantly lower (P = 0.05) for 16-20-0 than for urea; however, this difference in yield might be due to later application of P and hence delayed availability of P in the 16-20-0 treatment.     

光催化-Fenton工艺处理废纸制浆废水

为有效处理废纸制浆废水,采用氙灯照射下的光催化-Fenton技术,研究不同反应器、曝气、草酸钾、H2O2投加方式和废水质量浓度对光-Fenton工艺去除废水中TOC或吸光度的影响.结果表明,提高光照强度可提高TOC去除率;添加适量的草酸钾可提高处理效果;H2O2分两次投加可取得较好的处理效果,大大减少对催化剂的需求;在处理过程中使废水暴露于空气可提高有机物的脱氯效果,但曝气对处理效果并无益处.对于TOC为185 mg/L左右的废纸制浆废水,在[H2O2]=1000 mg/L、[Fe(Ⅱ)]=100 mg/L、pH=3.0、温度为30℃的条件下,经过30 min处理,废水的TOC可去除63%以上.     

给水处理投药控制的非线性数学模型及仿真

为了更好地控制给水处理系统中的投药量,本文用机理建模及分布参数系统建模的方法,建立了可用于给水处理投药过程控制的数学仿真模型,该仿真模型包括了给水处理过程中混凝、絮凝、沉淀3步最基本过程,反映了水厂各设计参数对水处理投药控制效果的影响以及混凝药剂与絮凝池、沉淀池出水浊度之间的动态响应关系.仿真模拟了水厂原水浊度发生突变对絮凝池及沉淀池的出水浊度的动态影响,仿真结果与实际水厂数据相近.研究结果可以用来进一步研究水处理过程控制,为更深入研究适用于给水处理的非线性控制方法提供良好的模拟仿真分析平台.     

pH值对城市生活污水短程硝化的影响

为实现废水处理过程中的短程硝化及反硝化脱氮中亚硝酸盐的积累以控制硝化反应的类型,以试验的方式,采用SBR工艺研究了pH值对不含海水的城市生活污水和含30%海水的城市生活污水短程硝化的影响.试验结果表明:对于不含海水的城市生活污水,单纯提高pH值来提高游离氨浓度并不一定能够实现短程硝化;对于含30%海水的城市生活污水,可直接实现短程硝化;海水盐度是实现短程硝化的影响因素之一.     

静压挤密桩在湿险性黄土地基处理中的应用

为了解决水泥土挤密桩施工过程中噪音过大的问题,提出了地基处理的静压挤密桩施工法,并结合工程实际测试了静压挤密桩在湿险性黄土地基处理中应用的效果.测试结果表明,该方法在施工时噪音较小,施工速度高,满足设计要求,此为该地基处理方法的应用和推广提供了依据.     

我国南方农村生活污水处理技术的研发现状

针对农村生活污水直接排放已经成为影响我国农村水环境质量主要因素之一的现状,从适合我国农村的以村落或居民点为单位进行生活污水分散式处理的思维入手,介绍了我国现今主要的分散式生活污水处理技术的原理、特点、不足及其应用现状;继而综合比较了这些技术的技术经济指标,提出了适合我国农村的分散式生活污水处理技术的设计原则;最后提出发展有较高水力负荷,并具备小规模设备化特征和多种生物处理单元复合的创新技术是我国农村生活污水处理技术发展的主要方向。     

云荞水库面板堆石坝震后安全检测及整治研究与实践

云南省永善县云荞水库自建成蓄水以来运行良好,2008年5月12日,四川省汶川县发生8.0级地震,云荞水库震感强烈,水库内水浪约1.0m高,水库受损,面板裂缝加大;震后云荞水库工程管理局高度重视云荞水库的安全问题,特请某水利水电勘测设计研究院对面板进行健全性检测,管理局根据检查单位对大坝面板的整体性能做出的评价及提出相应的处理意见,对面板裂缝进行了化学灌浆和表面封闭处理,至今运行良好。     

水稻稻曲病的研究与探讨

水稻稻曲病(rice false smut)已由过去次生性病害逐渐上升成为水稻生产上的重要病害之一。文章从稻曲病发现与命名简单历史、国内外发生分布与危害的现状、病原菌形态特征、稻曲病典型症状、关于稻曲病的毒性问题、稻曲病发病规律(即初次侵染与再次侵染源、稻曲病菌生物学特性、稻曲病侵染与危害、稻曲病流行规律)和药剂防治试验示范等6个方面进行了研究,对综合治理稻曲病的措施提供了可参考的途径。     

Effect of surface coating on the screw loosening of dental abutment screws

Regardless of the type of performed restoration, in most cases, a screw connection is employed between the abutment and implant. For this reason, implant screw loosening has remained a problem in restorative practices. The purpose of this study was to compare the surface of coated/plated screws with titanium and gold alloy screws and to evaluate the physical properties of coated/plated material after scratch tests via FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) investigation. GoldTite, titanium screws provided by 3i (Implant Innovation, USA) and TorqTite, titanium screws by Steri-Oss (Nobel Biocare, USA) and gold screws and titanium screws by AVANA (Osstem Implant, Korea) were selected for this study. The surface, crest, and root of the abutment screws were observed by FE-SEM. A micro-diamond needle was also prepared for the scratch test. Each abutment screw was fixed, and a scratch on the surface of the head region was made at constant load and thereafter the fine trace was observed with FE-SEM. The surface of GoldTite was smoother than that of other screws and it also had abundant ductility and malleability compared with titanium and gold screws. The scratch tests also revealed that teflon particles were exfoliated easily in the screw coated with teflon. The titanium screw had rough surface and low ductility. The clinical use of gold-plated screws is recommended as a means of preventing screw loosening.     

Solar furnace surface treatment of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings

An original process of superficial thermal treatment is described. This process has been successfully applied to partially stabilized yttria-zirconia coatings (ZrO₂-Y₂O₃) to increase the lifetime of the thermal barriers. A thin superficial layer was melted, and morphological transformations were observed. A microstructural comparison between as-sprayed layers and thermally treated layers is presented.