中国旋涡纹样造型的演变及其阶段特点

旋涡纹样造型最早始于马家窑期的彩陶上，其经典的纹样造型成就了中国旋涡纹样造型的模式。在仰韶文化时期，由于苗族文化的渗入，以及与华夏文明的融合，旋涡纹样造型成为楚文化新创造和新发展的代表。     

筷子涂层中重金属元素的暴露研究

目的研究筷子涂层中12种重金属元素(锌、铜、镍、镉、铅、汞、铬、钼、硒、砷、钡、锑)在体液模拟物和食品模拟物中的暴露。方法以胃液模拟物、唾液模拟物作为体液模拟物,以4%乙酸(V/V)、水、95%乙醇(V/V)作为食品模拟物,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)法测定筷子涂层中12种重金属元素的溶出量和迁移量。结果对20批次筷子涂层中12种重金属元素的含量进行测试发现10种重金属元素(锌、铜、镍、镉、铅、铬、钼、硒、砷、钡)有检出,其中铅元素含量高达347660.8mg/kg。对检出的重金属元素进一步分析其在体液模拟物中的溶出量和食品模拟物中的迁移量,发现高含量的元素能通过体液模拟物溶出和食品模拟物迁移。结论筷子涂层中重金属元素可能通过3种途径暴露至人体,分别是胃液溶出、唾液溶出、食品中迁移,且涂层涂覆的位置可对重金属元素的暴露途径产生影响;胃液模拟物中溶出量是唾液模拟物中溶出量的10倍以上;4%乙酸(V/V)食品模拟物中的迁移量最多可高于水和95%乙醇(V/V)食品模拟物中的迁移量近1000倍,且随着迁移次数的增加迁移量逐渐降低。     

水井工程技术现状与展望

总结和分析了目前国内水井工程的设计和施工现状以及存在的问题,深入地探讨了成井工艺和井管腐蚀等问题,结合国内的实际情况,就工程设计、井管选择、防腐技术、工程管理规范化等方面提出了具体建议。     

涂漆筷子中高锰酸钾消耗量的风险调查

目的调查市售涂漆筷子中的高锰酸钾消耗量的风险。方法参照GB 31604.2-2016《食品安全国家标准食品接触材料及制品高锰酸钾消耗量的测定》,采用滴定法对15个批次涂漆筷子高锰酸钾消耗量进行测定,并探究水煮、高温烘烤、多次清洗等预处理方式对涂漆筷子的高锰酸钾消耗量的影响。结果在15批次涂漆筷子中,仅有3批次样品的高锰酸钾消耗量小于10 mg/kg,其余80%的样品均超出参考限量值,最高达到参考限量值的8倍。并且超标严重的样品在测试过程中出现涂漆层脱落的情况。经高温处理的样品高锰酸钾消耗量减少最为明显。结论通过对15批次涂漆筷子中高锰酸钾消耗量的检测,发现该产品高锰酸钾消耗量的风险极大,应引起监管部门的高度重视。同时建议消费者在使用新购买的涂漆筷子前,对其高温烘烤或阳光暴晒一段时间,减小安全隐患。     

麦秸秆开发利用的新技术

报道了利用麦秸秆生产一次性卫生餐盒、一次性卫生筷子的工艺技术,介绍了以麦秸秆为原料,通过酶解产糖并发酵制备乙醇的工艺研究。     

电泳涂漆铝型材铜加速乙酸盐雾试验研究

铜加速乙酸盐雾试验是评价电泳涂漆铝型材耐蚀性的常用方法之一,针对铜加速乙酸盐雾试验的试样准备,又分为不划线、划交叉线及划垂直线等方式,探讨了不同划线形式的电泳涂漆铝型材试样的铜加速乙酸盐雾试验结果,并对试验现象产生的原因进行了分析.     

仰韶彩陶艺术的综合研究

仰韶彩陶艺术开创了我国彩绘艺术的先河,它的优美造型与绚丽多姿的彩绘和谐统一,动物纹从写实到写意,植物纹图案化,几何纹变幻奇妙,其文化内涵丰富深厚。     

Studying the cellulolytic activity of microorganisms isolated from stained painted walls with reference to certain factors: a cross sectional study

Investigations of enzymatic activities amongst microbial species on stained painted walls are not common especially in the tropics. Meanwhile, an organism’s enzymatic activity is a key index of its biodegradation potential. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the cellulolytic profiles of microorganisms isolated from stained painted buildings. A total of eight microorganisms comprising one bacterium [Pseudomonas aeruginosa CH01 (KY511067.1)] and seven fungi [Meyerozyma guillermondii MB14B1 (LT615287.1), Meyerozyma caribbica CBS:5674 (KY104219.1), Aspergillus aculeatus A1.9 (EU833205.1), Aspergillus sp. SL2 (KC178662.1), Fusarium proliferatum2705 (EU272509.1), Cerrena sp. N10CC2a (FJ010208.1) and Candida tropicalis UZ31_13 (KM361510.1)] were utilized for the study. The results showed that all isolates possessed exoglucanase and endoglucanase activities ranging from 0.174 to 1.554 IU/ml and 0.062 to 2.120 IU/ml, respectively. Analysis of the interplay of organism cellulolytic activity at various environmental conditions showed that endoglucanase activity was optimal in Cerrena sp., while the highest exoglucanase activity was recorded in P. aeruginosa.     

Neural networks applied to service life prediction of exterior painted surfaces

Service life prediction is assuming a primary role as it allows a more rational use of scarce resources; its methods are useful for defining preventive maintenance plans, thereby increasing performance and reducing costs. A new mathematical model is presented that uses artificial neural networks to evaluate the service life of painted surfaces. The data on facade degradation were collected from field observations on 160 buildings (220 painted surfaces) in Lisbon, Portugal, examining several degradation agents. In service conditions, the mean estimated service life of exterior painted surfaces is found to be 9.49 years, with a standard deviation of 0.633 years. Detailed factors are identified and incorporated into the model, which account for variations in degradation. Some statistical parameters are used to evaluate the validity and efficiency of the model. The values obtained are consistent with the existing perception relative to the durability of painted coatings. These values can be used to evaluate the economic and environmental performance of painted surfaces throughout their life cycle. The use of this model can optimize inspection and maintenance plans as well as the implementation of inform decisions at the design and construction stages.     

珠光涂布纸涂布工艺的研究

本文考察了涂布工艺对涂布纸性能的影响 ,讨论了涂料配方中颜料配比、用量以及胶粘剂选择对珠光涂布纸性能的影响。结果表明 ,经过二次涂布或三次涂布可以制备出性能优良的珠光涂布纸