Drying of Uncoated Paper with Gas-Fired Infrared Emitters—Optimum Emitters' Location Within a Paper Machine Drying Section

This article theoretically investigates the drying of uncoated paper with gas-fired infrared (IR) emitters installed within the drying section of a given commercial paper machine. Specifically, it presents the ideal location of two opposing IR emitters within the drying section. The ideal location of the two opposing IR emitters corresponds to the highest machine speed with specified average moisture content of paper sheet at the end of the drying section. This article also presents the average evaporation rate, temperature, and moisture content of the paper sheet as it travels through the drying section with the two opposing IR emitters operating at the optimum location. In addition, the temperature and moisture profiles in the sheet thickness direction, before and after the IR emitters, are provided. This article is not concerned with the potential effects of drying with IR emitters on paper sheet properties and machine runnability issues.     

Long-chain fatty ammonium quaternaries in papermaking

A series of long-chain quaternary ammonium halogen esters (UKK-chemicals), quaternary dimethyl tallow epoxypropyl ammonium halogens (EPK1), quaternary ditallow methyl epoxypropyl ammonium halogens (EPK2), and EPK2 oligomers (EPK2P) were synthesized. At acidic, neutral, or slightly basic conditions, EPK1-, EPK2-, EPK2P-, and UKK-chemicals operate as cationic chemicals. They can be used, for example, as stock sizings, surface sizings, or fixatives. Stock sizing, surface sizing, and fixative experiments indicate that EPK1-, EPK2-, EPK2P-, and UKK-chemicals function at least as well as or better than the corresponding synthetic chemicals used in papermaking.     

如何延长高压液相色谱柱的使用寿命

分析了液相色谱柱失效的诸多现象和原因，并论述了极性溶剂冲洗法等一些使色谱柱恢复活性的方法。     

造纸机集散控制系统

本文介绍了造纸机集散控制系统．讨论了其硬件的组成和软件结构．研究了ＤＤＳ过程级控制器的功能及对造纸机各分部速度的优化控制．系统投人运行后，取得较好的经济效益．     

Inter- and intra-molecular ionic interactions of polyampholyte: Carboxymethyl-2-diethylaminoethylcellulose

Carboxymethyl-2-diethylaminoethylcellulose (CM-DEAE cellulose) was prepared by etherification of carboxymethylcellulose with diethylaminoethyl chloride in a NaOH solution. The behaviour of CM-DEAE cellulose in aqueous solution was studied by viscosity and GPC measurements. The degree of substitution (DS) and existing states of DEAE substituents were examined by the use of proton NMR, and those of the CM substituents were observed with FT-IR. The results reveal that the reduced viscosity and apparent molecular size of CM-DEAE cellulose vary with the concentration of sodium chloride and changes in pH and DS. These phenomena can be explained in terms of inter- and intra-molecular ionic interactions.     

Use of inverse gas chromatography to quantify interactions in amine cured epoxy resins

Flory–Huggins interaction parameters, λ, were determined for a series of probes in an amine cured epoxy resin matrix (433–493 K) and its precursors (324–363 K) by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). Hildebrand–Scatchard theory was combined with Flory–Huggins theory in order to estimate infinte dilution solubility parameters (δ₂) for the matrix and its precursors at 298 K. It was shown that the value of the solubility parameter for the cured resin matrix lies between those of its precursors. Compared to the majority of published work, an unusual aspect of this application of IGC is that solubility parameters have been determined when the stationery phases are (i) small molecules and (ii) a highly crosslinked polymer. Moreover, all possible attempts have been made to ensure equilibrium conditions between probe and stationary phase, and compensation for asymmetry of peak profile has been applied in determining δ₂. The solubility parameters estimated by IGC are in good agreement with those calculated by other methods.     

烟用香料配制的气相色谱法质量控制研究

采用气相色谱法对香料房卷烟用料液中的溶剂及水分进行检测,分析测定其中的水分、乙醇、丙二醇、山梨醇等的含量,通过对香料房每批配制料液的抽检,可以跟踪料液配制的准确性,保证卷烟产品质量,该方法操作简单、准确性高、重现性好。     

气相色谱在线分析变压吸附法制纯氢中的总碳

利用带镍加氢转化炉的气相色谱仪 ,在线分析变压吸附法制纯氢中的总碳。该法用变压吸附法制的纯氢作燃气 ,在检测器前端将氢气中的CO和CO2 转化为CH4,然后用氢火焰离子化检测器检测 ,直接以检测器的信号 (mV)进行定量。当氢气中总碳体积分数在 1 9～ 5 0 0 μl/L时 ,FID信号值与总碳体积分数有良好的线性关系。方法回收率为 99 90 %～ 10 1 9%,相对标准偏差 <1%。     

智能组卷系统试题库结构的研究

在分析了传统的组卷系统的组卷算法及相应的试题库结构的基础上，基于遗传算法提出了一种新的试题库结构，并给定具体结构的确定方法。实践表明，这种结构下的试题库很好地配合遗传算法实现了智能组卷，并且系统效率更高，冗余度更小。