Synthesis and characterization of catalysts produced from paper mill sludge. I. Determination Of NOx removal capability

Characteristics and catalytic properties of a series of carbon-based catalysts (CBCs) produced from paper mill sludge were evaluated. The major processes involved in the production of the catalysts were chemical activation, impregnation, pyrolysis, and post pyrolysis rinsing. The porous structure, catalytic activity and thermostability of the catalysts were tailored during the production stage by introducing hetero-atoms (zinc chloride, and ferric nitrate) in the carbon structure. Characterization of the produced CBCs included determination of the surface area, pore size, and pore size distribution (PSD) from standard N₂-adsorption isotherm data. The extent of graphitization and the presence of metal crystals were identified from X-ray diffraction (XRD). The limit of the catalyst gasification was estimated from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) conducted in an oxidized environment. The NO_x reduction capability of the produced catalysts was evaluated in the presence of carbon monoxide using a fixed bed reactor. The reaction temperature ranged from 300 to 500°C. It was shown that paper mill sludge is an excellent precursor for the production of CBCs with NO_x removal capability of 66–94%. The catalytic capability of the produced CBCs varied according to the method of production, catalyst surface properties (surface area, pore structure, PSD), metal composition and reaction temperature. The highest NO_x removal capacity was observed for the catalytic reactions carried out at 400°C. The mesoporous catalyst produced with a Zn:Fe molar ratio of 1:0.5 exhibited the maximum NO_x removal catalytic activity of 94%.     

Interactive Paper as a Mobile Client for a Multi-channel Web Information System

We describe how interactive paper can be used together with a multi-channel web information system to build a platform for experimenting with multi-modal context-aware mobile information services. As an application, we present a tourist guide for visitors to an international festival that was developed to investigate alternative modes of information delivery and interaction in mobile environments. The guide is based around a set of interactive paper documents—an event brochure, map and bookmark. The brochure and map are augmented with digital services by using a digital pen to activate links and a text-to-speech engine for information delivery. The digital pen is also used for data capture of event ratings and reviews. The bookmark provides access to advanced searches and ticket reservations. We describe the architecture and operation of the system, highlighting the challenges of extending a web information system to support both the generation of the paper documents and the interaction from these documents, alongside more traditional access channels. Finally, we discuss the range of context-aware interactions that is supported by our platform.     

一种基于动态多维矩阵编码的组卷遗传算法

提出动态多维矩阵表示解（染体色）的遗传算法，并针对这种染色体在交叉、变异和选择等遗传算子的实现进行了研究。运行结果表明，算法运行效率较好，有很好的实用价值。     

电镀污泥的固化及浸出毒性研究

采用水泥和细砂作固化基材处理含Ni、Cr、Cu等重金属的电镀污泥,对固化块的浸出试验表明:水泥固化该电镀污泥效果良好,固化过程中加入适当的螯合剂KS-3,可以提高固化效果,并对固化块在不同pH浸取剂下的重金属浸出浓度进行了研究。     

基于PLC的模糊控制在造纸过程中的应用

针对造纸过程的复杂性、工艺特点及要求。对造纸过程的水分控制提出了一种基于PLC的模糊控制法，并介绍了模糊控制器的设计及其PLC实现法。实践表明，该控制器能满足造纸过程对水分的工艺要求，且具有良好的鲁棒性。     

汽车空气滤清器声学性能数值计算及分析

发动机进气系统设计除了满足进气和空气滤清要求外，通常还要求能够有效地降低进气噪声。设计消声效果良好的空气滤清器是控制发动机进气噪声的有效措施之一。由于一维平面波理论只适于低频分析，为了扩大分析的频率范围，采用了三维有限元数值方法分析空气滤清器的声学特性。同时，空气滤清器中的滤纸大多是纤维材料，可以作为吸声材料来处理，所以在考虑滤纸的情况下分析空气滤清器的消声性能，其中以纤维吸声材料的经验公式来模拟滤纸的声学特性。通过比较不带滤纸和带有滤纸的空气滤清器的声学性能结果表明，滤纸的考虑与否对空滤器的中高频消声性能有很大影响。     

基于遗传算法的自动组卷策略

自动组卷是一个多约束条件的最优求解问题,传统组卷算法存在速度慢、成功率低、组卷质量不高等不足,已不符合现行要求。为此,文中采用整段交叉,段内变异的方法,通过确定适应度函数和遗传算子探索了遗传算法在自动组卷中的应用,在一定程度上克服了已有算法的不足,并用算例验证了其有效性及适用性。     

Kinetics of Phosphorus Release and Uptake in a Membrane-Assisted Biological Phosphorus Removal Process

A long-term comparative study on the kinetics of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was carried out in pilot scale membrane-assisted and conventional biological phosphorus removal processes, by monitoring system performance, phosphorus mass balances, and maximum specific rates in off-line batch tests. The two systems exhibited similar performance in the removal of soluble phosphorus (P) from the influent wastewater, in the specific P release observed in the anaerobic zone, and in the maximum specific P release and volatile fatty acid (VFA) uptake rates. However, when the VFA in the influent was limiting, the conventional EBPR (CEBPR) process performed significantly better than the membrane (MEBPR) counterpart, and this behavior was also reflected in the kinetics of P release. Denitrifying dephosphatation was observed to be significant in both processes during periods of satisfactory P removal. When the aerobic recycle ratio was reduced to a minimum level, the anoxic P uptake activity in the CEBPR sludge was lower than that of the MEBPR sludge. Finally, the biomass decay rates of the two sludge types were estimated to be comparable, with significant reduction of the decay under unaerated conditions.     

提高造纸行业自主创新能力构建造纸技术创新体系

提出了约束我国造纸工业发展的主要瓶颈，讨论了如何提高造纸行业自主创新能力，构建造纸技术创新体系，促进我国造纸工业可持续发展。     

电力变压器用绝缘纸热老化的微观结构及形貌研究

对绝缘纸在热老化过程中微观形貌、纸纤维的结构以及其超微结构等的变化发展进行研究。通过对比绝缘纸样品的原子力显微镜图片，发现初始绝缘纸纤维素的原子排列致密而有序，但经过加速热老化后葡萄糖单体的六边形结构受到破坏。此外，通过扫描电镜照片可以发现纤维素的细胞壁在老化过程中逐渐破裂，同时纤维素的长度及粗度均有减小。通过X光衍射分析显示绝缘纸样品的结晶度及晶粒尺寸在老化过程中逐渐减小，但仍保持原有的纤维素晶型和两相共存的微细结构。试验证明，绝缘纸老化的微观结构研究对进一步了解绝缘纸纤维老化的发展过程及其老化机理有很好的帮助。