瓶装黄酒杀菌条件与风味关系研究

对瓶装黄酒杀菌温度、时间等对酒质、风味的影响作了系统的研究和分析。实验表明：杀菌温度在60℃-65℃，随杀菌时间延长酒质得到改善；当杀菌温度超过70℃时，杀菌时间应控制在1h以内；当75℃时杀菌超过30min，黄酒风味有下降的趋势；80％以上，黄酒风味随杀菌时间延长而变劣。     

宜宾产区浓香型白酒酿造生境中细菌的群落结构

该文利用高通量测序技术全面解析宜宾产区浓香型白酒酿造生境中的微生物菌群结构,并对窖泥、大曲、酒醅和黄水中的细菌种类和丰度进行对比分析。结果表明,从宜宾产区白酒酿造生境的26个样品中共注释到来自于201个属的1 493个OTUs,主要分布于拟杆菌门(Bacteroidete)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其中5个属来自于古菌域的广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)。窖泥样品中微生物菌种的多样性最高,主要以古菌、瘤胃球菌和乳酸菌为主;大曲的多样性次之,主要包括未鉴定到属水平的细菌,芽胞杆菌、乳酸菌和高温放线菌等;酒醅和黄水中的微生物多样性最低,其主要微生物类群以乳酸菌和瘤胃球菌为主。宜宾产区浓香型白酒酿造过程微生物群落结构呈现出从多种微生物共同作用到功能微生物主要发挥作用的趋势。该研究为探究浓香型白酒酿造过程中功能微生物,解析白酒酿造机理,提升白酒品质奠定了基础。     

Solid phase microextraction of stale flavour volatiles from the headspace of UHT milk

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) offers a solvent‐free and less labour‐intensive alternative to traditional flavour isolation techniques. In this instance, SPME was optimised for the extraction of 17 stale flavour volatiles (C3–11,13 methyl ketones and C4–10 saturated aldehydes) from the headspace of full‐cream ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT)‐processed milk. A comparison of relative extraction efficiencies was made using three fibre coatings, three extraction times and three extraction temperatures. Linearity of calibration curves, limits of detection and repeatability (coefficients of variation) were also used in determining the optimum extraction conditions. A 2 cm fibre coating of 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane in conjunction with a 15 min extraction at 40 °C were chosen as the final optimum conditions. This method can be used as an objective tool for monitoring the flavour quality of UHT milk during storage. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison of two headspace solid phase microextraction fibres for the detection of volatile chemical concentration changes due to industrial processing of orange juice

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) with two polymeric coatings, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyacrylate (PA), was used to isolate and quantitate orange juice volatile compounds from the headspace of fresh orange juice after the finishing, deaeration and pasteurisation processes. The results from the two fibres were largely consistent. Statistically significant changes in concentration due to the deaeration process were detected for medium‐volatility alcohols, hexanal and seven terpenes as measured by SPME‐PDMS. However, when using the PA‐coated fibre, more statistically significant changes in concentration were detected for aldehydes and esters. Alcohols and terpenes presented similar results using both polymeric coatings. The pasteurisation process did not modify the aromatic profile of the deaerated orange juice, except for methyl butyrate. These results indicate that the PA coating seemed to be more suitable for the analysis of the evolution of the orange juice aromatic fraction during industrial processing. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

马氏珠母贝肉烘烤条件及其产品风味成分的研究

以马氏珠母贝肉为原料,筛选出贝肉烘烤的最佳条件,应用顶空-固相微萃取-气相-质谱（HS—SPME—GC—MS）联用设备测定烘烤贝肉的风味成分。结果表明：烘烤贝肉的最佳条件为烘烤温度155％,时间100min,葡萄糖添加比例为5％;烘烤后主要风味成分有40种,分别为醛类、烃类、杂环类、酯类、酮类、酸类、芳香烃等。醛类物质的相对含量为34．26％,含量最多。十八烷醛占26．71％,是主要香味物质。     

Formation of the beef flavour precursors and their correlation with chemical parameters during the controlled thermal oxidation of tallow

Thermal oxidation of tallow was assayed by peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), and acid value (AV), and the volatile compounds produced at different oxidation conditions were analysed by SPME-GC/MS. The accumulation of characteristic beef flavour precursors, such as hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal and (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, reached a maximum value when heated at 140 °C for 2 h with an air flow of 75 l/h per 100 g tallow, whereas at the same temperature PV and p-AV were both at high levels, and AV was relatively low. A correlation analysis of chemical parameters and volatile compounds showed that the beef flavour precursors were positively related to PV, and the off-flavour compounds were highly correlated to AV. Therefore, a moderate oxidation of tallow could be achieved via controlled thermal treatment.     

The effect of environmental conditions on nutritional quality of cherry tomato fruits: evaluation of two experimental Mediterranean greenhouses

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine how different environmental factors (temperature, solar radiation, and vapour‐pressure deficit [VPD]) influenced nutritional quality and flavour of cherry tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Naomi) grown in two types of experimental Mediterranean greenhouses: parral (low technology) and multispan (high technology). RESULTS: Fruits were sampled three times during 3 years (2004, 2005 and 2006): at the beginning, middle and end of the fruit production period. Values for temperature, solar radiation, and VPD peaked in the third sampling in both greenhouses; values were higher in the parral‐type greenhouse, triggering abiotic stress. This stress reduced the accumulation of lycopene and essential elements, augmenting the phytonutrient content and the antioxidant capacity of tomatoes. During the third sampling, sugars were increased while organic acid content diminished, producing tomatoes with a sweeter‐milder flavour. The parral greenhouse produced tomatoes with higher phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid contents, together with a greater antioxidant capacity, without showing differences in flavour parameters. CONCLUSION: The higher phytonutrients content and antioxidant activity during the environmental stress, more pronounced in parral than multispan greenhouse, together with the sweeter‐milder flavour, conferred a notable nutritional benefit, which considerably improved the nutritional and organoleptic quality of these tomatoes. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

p-Cresol in cheese: Is it a flavouring compound or chemical contaminant?

ABSTRACT

p-Cresol has been identified as a flavouring compound in cheeses; however, scientific studies have already identified p-cresol as a potential chemical contaminant in environmental matrices. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate four traditional methods for extracting p-cresol from cheese samples in order to validate the best method, and finally to apply it to five cheese samples with different origins, processing and ripeness times. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after derivatisation of p-cresol with anhydride acetic and pyridine. Better results were achieved by the QuEChERS method, which showed recovery higher than 80%, relative standard deviation lower than 16%, limit of quantification of 5 μg kg^?1 and linearity between 5 and 400 μg kg^?1 with R² 0.99. p-Cresol was quantified in almost all of the samples analysed at different concentration levels, which were in an increasing order at μg kg^?1: Cheddar (< LOQ), Parmesan (8 ± 0.7), Gorgonzola (103 ± 14), smoked Provolone (365 ± 28) and barbecue cheese (1001 ± 187). Although no maximum residue limit has been established for p-cresol in food, the results suggest that cheeses exposed to charcoal combustion notably increase the p-cresol levels and may represent a hazard to human health, especially in risk groups such as patients with chronic kidney disease who have serious problems with p-cresol.     

我国食用香料香精的基本状况与发展趋势

食用香料是食品添加剂中数量最多、使用面较广的一类添加剂。近几年我国食用香料香精发展较快,国标GB2760-1996中规定的允许使用的食用香料总共有1283种,本文对我国的食用香料香精的发展趋势进行了简单论述。     

食品风味强化剂研究技术动态

介绍了几种常用食品风味强化剂的生产方法 ,主要包括传统生产方法如物理法和热加工法、化学合成法、生物技术法 ,并对其分析方法及调配技术进行了综述。